迁地条件下诗琳通含笑开花生物学及繁育特性

王晚双<sup>1</sup>; 陈仕铭<sup>1</sup>; 李金芃<sup>1</sup>; 文香英<sup>3</sup>; 王 晶<sup>4</sup>; 姚智强<sup>5</sup>; 王亚玲<sup>1; 2*</sup>

引用本文:	王晚双, 陈仕铭, 李金芃,文香英, 王晶, 姚智强, 王亚玲.迁地条件下诗琳通含笑开花生物学及繁育特性[J].广西植物,2026,46(1):150-162.[点击复制]
	WANG Wanshuang, CHEN Shiming, LI Jinpeng, WEN Xiangying, WANG Jing, YAO Zhiqiang, WANG Yaling.Flowering biology and breeding characteristics of Michelia sirindhorniae under ex situ condition[J].Guihaia,2026,46(1):150-162.[点击复制]

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迁地条件下诗琳通含笑开花生物学及繁育特性
王晚双¹, 陈仕铭¹, 李金芃¹,文香英³, 王晶⁴, 姚智强⁵, 王亚玲^1,2*
1. 海南大学热带农林学院, 热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228;2. 海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室, 海口 570228;3. 中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650;4. 棕榈生态城镇发展股份有限公司, 郑州 450000;5. 海南天香木兰植物保育研究中心, 海南儋州 571722

摘要:

为探究迁地条件下诗琳通含笑(Michelia sirindhorniae)的开花生殖特性,阐明其在自然状态下结籽率低的原因,促进种质资源的可持续利用,该研究于2023—2024年对栽培诗琳通含笑的花部形态特征、开花物候动态及传粉昆虫行为进行系统观测,测定不同开花阶段的花粉活力及柱头可授性变化规律,并通过控制授粉实验对柱头活性及授粉亲和性进行了系统评估。结果表明:(1)诗琳通含笑的花期主要集中于4月下旬至5月中下旬,而个别植株在10月至12月期间会出现二次开花的现象。(2)单花花期3～4 d,根据形态特征可划分为7个连续发育阶段,即绿蕾期、黄蕾期、白蕾期、初开期、盛开期、凋落期、幼果期,其中花被片展开过程有明显的时间节律,主要集中在清晨5:00—7:00时段完成开放,其伸展姿态易受环境因子影响。(3)雌蕊先雄蕊成熟,白蕾期柱头可授性最佳,花药在盛开期散粉,花粉离体萌发率为65.30%。(4)访花昆虫主要有黑蚂蚁(Polyrhachis dives)、蓟马(Thysanoptera sp.)、意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica),但昆虫访花行为及被访花朵的结籽情况表明,这些昆虫的传粉行为均无效。(5)花蕾的石蜡切片结果表明,小孢子发育过程存在严重败育:绒毡层提前解体导致四分体败育率高达85.55%; 在单核靠边期,约29.51%的小孢子出现萎缩变形等败育特征。(6)人工控制授粉结果表明,诗琳通含笑具严格的自交不亲和性,不存在无融合生殖,与含笑属其他物种存在不同程度种间隔离。综上认为,诗琳通含笑繁育系统为专性异交,迁地条件下有效传粉昆虫的缺乏和小孢子败育严重是导致其结籽率低的关键因素。该研究揭示了诗琳通含笑在迁地条件下的繁育障碍,为其资源保护和利用提供了科学依据。

关键词: 诗琳通含笑, 开花生物学, 繁育系统, 传粉昆虫, 木兰科

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202412050

分类号:Q944.4

文章编号:1000-3142(2026)01-0150-13

基金项目:海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2025XDNY071); 国际植物园保护联盟项目(BGCI 30434); 陕西省科技厅创新人才推进计划-科技创新团队项目(2021TD-33)。

Flowering biology and breeding characteristics of Michelia sirindhorniae under ex situ condition

WANG Wanshuang¹, CHEN Shiming¹, LI Jinpeng¹, WEN Xiangying³, WANG Jing⁴, YAO Zhiqiang⁵, WANG Yaling^1,2*

1. Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;2. Key Laboratory of Biology of Flower Resources of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China;3. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;4. Palm Ecological Town Development Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China;5. Hainan Tianxiang Magnolia Plant Conservation Research Center, Danzhou 571722, Hainan, China

Abstract:

To investigate the flowering and reproductive characteristics of Michelia sirindhorniae under ex situ conservation conditions, to clarify the reasons for the low seed setting rate in its natural state, and to promote the sustainable utilization of germplasm resources, this study conducted systematic observations on floral morphological characteristics, flowering phenology dynamic, and pollinator behavior of cultivated M. sirindhorniae from 2023 to 2024, and analyzed the variation patterns of pollen viability and stigma receptivity at different flowering stages, and systematically evaluated stigma activity and pollination compatibility through controlled pollination experiments. The results were as follows:(1)The flowering period of M. sirindhorniae mainly concentrated from late April to mid-late May, with some individuals exhibiting a secondary flowering phenomenon from October to December.(2)The lifespan of individual flower was 3-4 d, progressing through seven consecutive developmental stages: green bud stage, yellow bud stage, white bud stage, initial opening stage, full blooming stage, withering stage, and young fruit stage. The tepal unfolding process exhibited a significant temporal rhythm, primarily completing unfolding between 5:00-7:00 am, with its posture influenced by environmental factors.(3)The pistil matured before the stamen, with the stigma receptivity being optimal during the white bud stage. Anthers dehisced during the full blooming stage, and the in vitro pollen germination rate was 65.30%.(4)The main flower-visiting insects were Polyrhachis dives, Thysanoptera sp., Apis mellifera ligustica. However, observations of insect behavior and the fruit set of visited flowers indicated that the pollination behavior of these insects was ineffective.(5)Paraffin sectioning of flower buds revealed severe abortion during microspore development: premature disintegration of the tapetum led to a tetrad abortion rate as high as 85.55%; at the unicellular stage, approximately 29.51% of microspores exhibited shrinkage and deformation, indicating abortion characteristics.(6)Controlled pollination experiments demonstrated strict self-incompatibility of Michelia sirindhorniae, absence of apomixis, and varying degrees of interspecific isolation with other Michelia species. In summary, the breeding system of M. sirindhorniae is obligate outcrossing, and lack of effective pollinators and microspore abortion are the key factors affecting its low seed setting rate under ex situ conditions. This study reveals the breeding barriers of M. sirindhorniae in ex situ conditions, provides a scientific basis for its conservation and propagation.

Key words: Michelia sirindhorniae, flowering biology, breeding system, pollinating insects, Magnoliaceae