| 引用本文: | 张强皓, 杨耀文, 耿顺军, 高小俊, 高 茜, 亚华金, 李明谦.冬季延长割胶和乙烯利对橡胶树云研77-4胶乳生理和产量的影响[J].广西植物,2026,46(4):717-725.[点击复制] |
| ZHANG Qianghao, YANG Yaowen, GENG Shunjun, GAO Xiaojun,
GAO Qian, YA Huajin, LI Mingqian.Effects of extended winter tapping and ethephon on latex physiology and yield of rubber tree Yunyan 77-4[J].Guihaia,2026,46(4):717-725.[点击复制] |
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| 冬季延长割胶和乙烯利对橡胶树云研77-4胶乳生理和产量的影响 |
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张强皓, 杨耀文, 耿顺军, 高小俊, 高 茜, 亚华金, 李明谦*
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云南省热带作物科学研究所, 云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室, 云南 景洪 666100
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| 摘要: |
| 为探究云南冬季低温环境下,延长割胶时间对橡胶树抗寒品种云研 77-4胶乳生理特性及产排胶性能的具体影响,该研究以3割龄云研77-4为材料,于9月至次年2月采用0%乙烯利(ET,对照)和 0.5% ET(处理)进行连续6个月的割胶试验,系统测定胶乳生理参数 [蔗糖(SUC)、硫醇(RSH)、无机磷(Pi)、总固形物含量(TSC)]、胶乳产量及环境因子(气温、土壤含水量),并通过相关性与主成分分析解析关键影响因素。结果表明:(1)0.5% ET处理显著提升SUC、RSH、Pi的含量及胶乳产量,降低TSC; 延长割胶期(12月至次年2月)时SUC、RSH、Pi维持较高水平,TSC处于低水平,利于产排胶。(2)0.5% ET处理的干胶株次产(均值84.85 g)为对照(50.39 g)的1.68倍,并且在延长割胶期时两处理的株次产均维持较高水平。(3)相关性分析结果显示,气温与胶乳产量呈显著或极显著负相关,胶乳产量随温度降低而上升。(4)相关性分析与主成分分析结果显示,SUC与胶乳产量呈显著正相关,TSC与胶乳产量呈显著负相关,使用ET降低了温度对胶乳产量的影响。综上认为,云研77-4胶乳SUC含量及产量与温度密切相关,该品种在冬季延长割胶时间仍具备一定产胶潜力,建议适当延长其冬季割胶时间。该研究结果为抗寒橡胶树品种冬季高效割胶提供了实践指导。 |
| 关键词: 橡胶树, 胶乳生理, 云研77-4, 温度, 产量 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202504033 |
| 分类号:Q945 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2026)04-0717-09 |
| 基金项目:云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项资金项目(RF2025); 国家天然橡胶产业技术体系西双版纳综合试验站项目(CARS-33-YN1)。 |
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| Effects of extended winter tapping and ethephon on latex physiology and yield of rubber tree Yunyan 77-4 |
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ZHANG Qianghao, YANG Yaowen, GENG Shunjun, GAO Xiaojun,
GAO Qian, YA Huajin, LI Mingqian*
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Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization
Research on Rubber Tree, Jinghong 666100, Yunnan, China
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| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the specific effects of extending rubber tapping time on the latex physiological characteristics and latex production and flow performance of the cold-resistant rubber tree cultivar Yunyan 77-4 under low-temperature conditions in winter in Yunnan, this study took Yunyan 77-4 with 3 years of tapping age as materials. A continuous 6-month rubber tapping experiment was conducted from September to February of the following year, using 0% ethephon(ET, control)and 0.5% ET. The study systematically determined latex physiological parameters [sucrose(SUC), thiol(RSH), inorganic phosphorus(Pi), total solid content(TSC)], latex yield, and environmental factors(air temperature, soil moisture content), and analyzed the key influencing factors through correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results were as follows:(1)The 0.5% ET treatment significantly increased the contents of SUC, RSH, Pi, and latex yield, while decreased TSC; during the extended tapping period(December to February of the following year), the contents of SUC, RSH and Pi maintained at relatively high levels, and TSC remained at a low level, which facilitated latex production and flow.(2)The average dry rubber yield per tree per tapping in the 0.5% ET treatment was 84.85 g, which was 1.68 times that of the control(50.39 g); moreover, during the extended tapping period, the yield per tree per tapping of both treatments maintained at relatively high levels.(3)Correlation analysis result showed that air temperature had a significant or extremely significants negative correlation with latex yield, and latex yield increased as temperature decreased.(4)Correlation analysis and principal component analysis results indicated that SUC had a significant positive correlation with latex yield, whereas TSC was significantly negative correlation with latex yield, and the application of ET reduced the impact of temperature on latex yield. In conclusion, the SUC content and yield in latex of Yunyan 77-4 are closely related to temperature; the cultivar still has a certain rubber production potential when tapping time is extended. It is suggested that the tapping time of this cultivar should be appropriately extended in winter. The results of this study provide practical guidance for efficient rubber tapping of cold-resistant rubber tree cultivars in winter. |
| Key words: rubber tree, latex physiology, Yunyan 77-4, temperature, yield |
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