元江干热河谷乳油木果实特性及营养成分分析

王以静<sup>1</sup>; 吴丽情<sup>2</sup>; 许建初<sup>2; 3</sup>; 赵高卷<sup>2*</sup>

引用本文:	王以静, 吴丽情, 许建初, 赵高卷.元江干热河谷乳油木果实特性及营养成分分析[J].广西植物,2021,41(11):1882-1888.[点击复制]
	WANG Yijing, WU Liqing, XU Jianchu, ZHAO Gaojuan.Fruit characteristics and nutrient components of Vitellaria paradoxa in Yuanjiang dry-hot river valley[J].Guihaia,2021,41(11):1882-1888.[点击复制]

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元江干热河谷乳油木果实特性及营养成分分析
王以静¹, 吴丽情², 许建初^{2, 3}, 赵高卷^2*
1. 元江县林业和草原局种苗工作站, 云南玉溪 653300;2. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所山地未来研究中心, 昆明 650201;3. 世界农用林业中心东亚与中亚办事处, 昆明 650201

摘要:

乳油木(Vitellaria paradoxa)为非洲热带地区重要的生态恢复树种和油料作物,其果实含有丰富的果油和代可可脂,被称为“植物油中的翡翠”。然而,当乳油木被引种到中国干热河谷后,其果实特征及其营养物质研究未见报道。为大面积种植和综合开发乳油木,该研究以云南省元江县引种的乳油木为研究对象,采用田间调查和室内植物化学提取方法,对其果实生物学性状及营养成分进行分析和评价。结果表明:(1)引种到元江干热河谷的乳油木树形优美高大,果实大(22.15 g/个),可食率高(61.12%)。(2)果肉中膳食纤维含量达41.52 g/100 g,种仁中粗脂肪含量为33.72 g/100 g。(3)果实矿质元素K、Ca、Mg、Na、Fe和Zn含量分别为6 476.70、376.47、181.93、139.20、3.54和1.92 mg/100 g。(4)果肉中氨基酸种类极为丰富(17种),必需氨基酸含量占29.87%,其中天冬氨酸含量最高,为1.51 g/100 g。(5)该区域乳油木的果实形态、膳食纤维、种油、K、Ca和天冬氨酸含量均显著大于原产区。该研究不仅为元江干热河谷乳油木人工种植奠定了理论基础,也为乳油果产业化发展和深加工提供了一定的技术支撑。

关键词: 乳油果, 干热河谷, 油料作物, 营养成分, 生态恢复, 必需氨基酸

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202008034

分类号:Q946.91; S667.2

文章编号:1000-3142(2021)11-1882-07

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505101); 云南省重点实验室专项基金(E03L081261)[Supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFC0505101); Special Fund for Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province(E03L081261)]。

Fruit characteristics and nutrient components of Vitellaria paradoxa in Yuanjiang dry-hot river valley

WANG Yijing¹, WU Liqing², XU Jianchu^2,3, ZHAO Gaojuan^2*

1. Yuanjiang Forestry and Grassland Bureau Seedling Station, Yuxi 653300, Yunnan, China;2. Centre for Mountain Future(CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;3. 3. East and Central Asia Regional, World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF), Kunming 650201, China

Abstract:

Vitellaria paradoxa was an important ecological tree and oil crop in tropical Africa, and its fruit was rich in oil and cocoa butter, which was called “the emerald of vegetable oil”. However, there have been no reports on the analysis and assessment of fruit characteristics and nutritional components of V. paradoxa when it was introduced to Yuanjiang hot-dry river valley of China. In this study, in order to cultivate and comprehensively develop V. paradoxa in a large area, the fruit biological characters and nutritional components of V. paradoxa introduced from Africa to Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province were analyzed and evaluated by field investigation and indoor phytochemical extraction method. The results were as follows:(1)V. paradoxa were tall and graceful, with larger fruit(22.15 g/each)and higher edible rate(61.12%);(2)The content of dietary fiber in fruit was very high(41.52 g/100 g), and the fat content in seeds was 33.72 g/100 g;(3)Moreover, the contents of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe and Zn were 6 476.70, 376.47, 181.93, 139.20, 3.54 and 1.92 mg/100 g, respectively;(4)The fruit was rich in amino acids, and essential amino acids accounted for 29.87%.(5)More importantly, the fruit size, the contents of dietary fiber, fats, K, Ca and aspartic acid of fruits in Yuanjiang dry-hot river valley were significantly higher than those in the original region. The findings not only lay a theoretical basis for artificial planting of V. paradoxa in dry-hot river valley, but also offer a certain technical support for the industrialization development and the deep processing of products.

Key words: shea butter, dry-hot valley, oil-bearing crops, nutrient contents, ecological restoration, essential amino acid