传粉方式和果实类型对木本植物繁殖物候的影响

Effects of pollination mode and fruit type on reproductive phenology of woody plants

关键词:  繁殖方式, 传粉方式, 果实类型, 木本植物, 谱系独立比较法

Key words:  reproductive phenology, pollination mode, fruit type, woody plants, phylogenetically independent contrasts

摘要:

该研究利用谱系独立比较法(Phylogenetically Independent Contrasts, PIC)和Wilcoxon秩和检验法,分析中国科学院植物研究所植物园(39°54' N, 116°12' E)中的84个物种170株个体的传粉方式和果实类型对木本开花时间和结实时间的影响,其中Wilcoxon秩和检验法检验的结果作为PIC检验结果的参考。结果表明:(1)传粉方式显著影响植物开花和结实时间,风媒花植物比虫媒花植物开花和结实早;(2)果实类型对结实时间的影响在考虑和不考虑物种间系统发育关系时表现不同,当不考虑物种间系统发育关系时,肉质果实植物结实时间比非肉质果实植物早;(3)不同的传粉方式间以及不同的果实类型间植物的花果间隙期无显著差异,但本研究结果显示肉质果实植物结实时间比非肉质果实植物大约早20 d。由此推论:(1)植物固有属性,如传粉方式和果实类型,会影响植物繁殖物候,且不同的属性影响强度不同;(2)与某一特定物候期或繁殖器官相关性大的属性对该物候期的影响可能更大,如传粉方式对开花时间的影响可能大于其对结实时间的影响,而果实类型对结实物候期的影响更大。

Abstract:

We examined the effects of pollination mode and fruit type on the reproductive phenology of woody plant species at the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China(39°54'N, 116°12'E). Phylogenetically Independent Contrasts(PIC)and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test were applied to analyze 170 individuals from 84 species, and the result of Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was a reference for PIC test. Our results showed that pollination mode significantly influenced the reproductive phenology of woody plants. Wind-pollinated trees flowered and fruited earlier than insect-pollinated trees. Fleshy-fruit species fruited earlier than nonfleshy-fruit species, but this relationship disappeared when phylogeny was taken into consideration. Fruit type had no effect on flowering phenology. The intervals between flowering and fruiting were not significantly different in both pollination mode group and fruit type group. These results suggest that plant intrinsic attributes, such as pollination mode and fruit type, have significant influence on the reproductive phenology of woody plants. These attributes are closely related to special phenological phase or reproductive organ may affect this phenological phase more.