西藏米林县珍稀濒危药用植物优先保护评价

Protection priority evaluation of rare and endangered medicinal plants in Manling County of Tibet, China

关键词:  珍稀濒危药用植物, 野生药用资源, 评价体系, 优先保护序列, 米林县

Key words:  rare and endangered medicinal plants, wild medicinal resources, evaluation system, protection priority sequence, Manling County

摘要:

通过设置样方和路线踏查,对米林县的野生药用植物资源进行调查,并利用多个指标定量计算各濒危植物的优先保护值,确定其珍稀濒危物种优先保护序列,对珍稀濒危药用植物的种类、药效和入药部位多样性进行了分析。结果表明:米林县共有药用保护植物37科72属97种,分别占药用植物总科数、总属数、总种数的48.05%、32.00%、30.70%。其中,被子植物有35科69属95种,裸子植物有2科2属2种。97种珍稀濒危药用植物中,处于Ⅰ级保护的药用植物有9科11属11种,处于Ⅱ级保护的药用植物有18科25属27种,处于Ⅲ级保护的药用植物有28科46属59种。从珍稀濒危药用植物的药效来看,清热功效和补虚功效的药用植物较多,分别有32种和20种,各占濒危药用植物总种数的32.99%、20.62%; 从药用部位统计,根与根茎类和全草类的药用植物分别有34种和26种,占珍稀濒危药用植物总数比例较大,分别为35.05%、26.80%。该区评估的优先保护等级和濒危等级与保护植物名录有一定差异,桃儿七在本区的保护等级由Ⅲ级升为Ⅰ级,另外有7种植物的濒危程度在本区加强。基于调查和研究结果分析了米林县珍稀濒危药用植物的致濒原因,并就此提出了一些具体的保护建议和措施。

Abstract:

Combining plots and route method, the resources of wild medicinal plants in Manling County of Tibet,China, were investigated more comprehensively. Several indexes included list coefficient, deposit coefficient, endangered coefficient, genetic coefficient, valuable coefficient, conservation coefficient and breed coefficient were used to identify the protection priority sequences of the rare and endangered medicinal plants quantitatively. Moreover, the species composition, function and parts used diversity of these medicinal plants were analyzed. Totally, there are 97 species(occupying 30.70% of the total medicinal species), 72 genera(occupying 32.00% of the total medicinal genera)and 37 families(occupying 48.05% of the total medicinal families)should be given a priority protection. Out of the 97 medicinal species, 95 species, 69 genera, 35 families represent angiosperm and two species, two genera, two families represent gymnosperm. Among these rare and endangered medicinal species, eleven species in eleven genera and nine families are classified as the first-class protected medicinal plants, 27 species in 25 genera and 18 families are classified as the second-class protected plants, and 59 species in 46 genera and 28 families are classified as the third-class protected medicinal plants. For the functions of these 97 medicinal plants, there are more species used as heat-clearing(32 species, accounting for 32.99%)and tonicing medicine(20 species, accounting for 20.62%). Additionally, among these 97 plants, more species use underground stem(34 species, accounting for 35.05%)and entire plant(26 species, accounting for 26.80%)as medical parts. The conservation priority classes and endangered level vary from our research to the lists of endangered plants. Sinopodophyllum hexandrum has the highest value of extent coefficient as the first-class protected plant but belongs to third-class protected plant on the lists. In addition, endangered degree of seven species was found growing to high levels in Manling county. Finally, based on these analyses and wild investigation, we analyzed the endangered causes for these rare and endangered medicinal plants from internal and external factors. Then, we put forward some suggestions on conservation such as making protective measures according to the protection priority sequences, building reserve, carrying out scientific research and strengthen legislation. Our results may provide a data basis for making scientific protection measures and the sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources in Manling County.