古田山自然保护区阔叶林与两种人工林的群落结构和生物多样性

Community structures and biodiversities of broad-leaved forest and two types of plantations in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province

关键词:  亚热带, 阔叶林, 杉木林, 油茶林, α多样性, β多样性, 物种多度

Key words:  subtropical zone, broad-leaved forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata stand, Camellia oleifera stand, α diver-sity, β diversity, species abundance

摘要:

为了解天然林和人工林群落的结构、组成和物种多样性的差异,该研究选择三种类型(天然阔叶林、人工杉木林和油茶林)的森林群落,比较分析其在不同垂直空间层次上的群落数量特征及物种多样性(物种丰富度、α多样性和β多样性)特点。结果表明:(1)总体上,阔叶林的物种丰富度最高,其次是油茶林。乔木层和灌木层均以阔叶林的物种丰富度最高,其次为杉木林; 草本层以油茶林的物种丰富度最高,其次为杉木林和阔叶林。三种类型的群落在各空间层次重要值前5位物种组成上均有较大差异。(2)在单个样地水平上,三种类型的群落α多样性差异主要存在于乔木层,以阔叶林的样地间差异最大,其次为杉木林; 灌木层的α多样性在类型间差异较小; 草本层的α多样性,油茶林与其他两个类型差异明显,阔叶林与杉木林之间差异较小。(3)群落类型间β多样性分析表明,就所有三个层次而言,阔叶林与油茶林之间物种组成差异最大; 就灌木层而言,油茶林与杉木林的物种组成最相似,其次是阔叶林与杉木林; 就草本层而言,油茶林与杉木林的物种组成相似度最高,其次为阔叶林与油茶林。总之,三种森林类型在群落结构、物种多样性方面差异显著,反映了人为干扰对森林群落的影响。

Abstract:

In order to understanding how the community structure, species composition and diversity differ between different forest types, we investigated and compared the community structure and biodiversity for one natural forest type(i.e. broad-leaved forest)and two types of plantations(i.e. Cunninghamia lanceolata assemblage/stand and Camellia oleifera assemblage/stand)in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve of Zhejiang Province. The results were as follows:(1)In general, broad-leaved forest held the highest taxonomic diversity, followed by Camellia oleifera stand and Cunninghamia lanceolata stand. With respect to different forest layers, broad-leaved forest held the highest species richness in tree and shrub layers and Camellia oleifera stand held the lowest; C. oleifera stand held the highest species richness in herb layer, followed by Cunninghamia lanceolata stand and broad-leaved forest. On the other hand, species composition of the top five(according to species importance value)species differed greatly both between forest types and forest layers.(2)At the single forest plot level, difference in α diversity of the three stand types was mainly in tree layer, shown as broad-leaved forest held the highest α diversity and Camellia oleifera stand held the lowest; no difference was detected in shrub layer; whereas C. oleifera stand held the higher species richness in herb layer.(3)As for β diversity between forest types, the greatest difference in species composition was between broad-leaved forest and C. oleifera stand, followed by between broad-leaved forest and C. oleifera stand, and between C. lanceolata stand and Camellia oleifera stand, in shrub layer; species composition between broad-leaved forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata stand had more differences than between C. lanceolata stand and Camellia oleifera stand, in herb layer. The results imply that each of the three forest types hold its unique community structure and biodiversity, which contributes to the landscape level biodiversity, and testify the influence of human disturbance.