冬虫夏草生境选择主导因子

The dominant factors of habitat selection of Cordyceps sinensis

关键词:  冬虫夏草  主导因子  土壤养分  生境

Key words:  Cordyceps sinensis  dominant factor  soil nutrient  habitat

摘要:

采用样方法对冬虫夏草生境的海拔、坡度、植被和土壤等环境因子进行了探索研究。结果表明:(1)冬虫夏草主要分布在海拔4 000～4 500 m、坡度为15°～30°的上坡位高山草甸中。(2)PCA分析表明:植被和地形是影响冬虫夏草分布的主导因子。(3)不同深度土壤养分含量统计分析表明:在不同深度层次的土壤中,水分、pH值、全氮和全磷的差异不显著,有机质、有机碳、水解氮和有效磷的差异极显著。(4)对土壤养分含量判别分析表明:5 cm土壤中,吸湿水、有机碳、有机质和水解氮显著影响冬虫夏草种群分布; 15 cm土壤中,全氮显著影响冬虫夏草种群分布; 25 cm土壤中,吸湿水、有机碳和有机质显著影响冬虫夏草种群分布; 而自由水、pH值、全磷和有效磷对冬虫夏草种群分布的影响不显著。(5)植物盖度、植物数量和坡度直接影响冬虫夏草种群分布,而土壤则通过影响植物和土壤温湿度来间接影响冬虫夏草种群分布。

Abstract:

Altitude,slope,vegetation,soil and other environment factors in Cordyceps sinensis habitat were investigated by quadrat method and further analyzed. The results indicated that:(1)C.sinensis was mainly distributed in upper slop of alpine meadow at altitude of 4 000-4 500 m and slope of 15°-30°;(2)the PCA indicated that vegetation and terrain were two dominant factors on the distribution of C.sinensis;(3)one-way ANVOA analysis on soil nutrient showed that,water content,pH value,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in three soil depth had no significant differences,whereas organic matter,organic carbon,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus were significant differences;(4)the discriminant analysis on soil nutrition of three soil depths indicated that in the depth of 5 cm,hydroscopic water,organic carbon,organic matter and available nitrogen had significant effect on the number of C.sinensis; in 15 cm,the most significant factor was total nitrogen; in 25 cm,hydroscopic water,organic matter and organic carbon significantly affected the number of C.sinensis; in all three different soil depths,free water,pH,total phosphorus and available phosphorus had no influence on C.sinensis;(5)in light of this,we concluded that the plant coverage,plant abundance and slop directly could affect the distribution of C.sinensis and soil indirectly affects the distribution of C.sinensis through the influence on vegetation,temperature and humidity.