珍稀濒危植物金花茶种子繁殖和生物学特性研究

Seed reproduction and biological characteristics of Camellia nitidissima

关键词:  珍稀濒危植物  金花茶  种子繁殖  生物学特性

Key words:  rare and endangered plant  Camellia nitidissima  seed reproduction  biological characteristic

摘要:

对金花茶进行种子繁殖和生物学特性研究。结果表明：以含水6%湿沙贮藏,采用粒径大的种子（205 cm×1.51 cm×1.92 cm）于3月进行播种繁殖,其发芽率最高,且幼苗长势健壮。金花茶从北热带季雨林中引种到中亚热带桂林雁山的自然环境条件下,植株能正常生长及开花结实。物候期比原产地推迟40 d左右。成龄植株通常每年只有一次秋梢,于9月下旬开始展叶抽梢,10月中旬新梢停止生长。6月下旬至7月上旬开始现蕾,1月上旬至2月上旬为开花始期,2月下旬至3月中旬为开花盛期,3月下旬至4月上旬为开花末期。果实于11月下旬至12月成熟,生长期约9～10个月。17年生实生苗平均高（313.60±15.92） cm,基径(4.51±0.71) cm,平均冠幅（东西×南北）277.6 cm×219.2 cm。 金花茶主要病害有赤叶枯病、炭疽病、白绢病等,4～6月高温湿热季节容易发病。虫害主要有蚜虫、卷叶蛾、天牛和木囊蛾等。

Abstract:

The reproductive traits and biological characteristics of Camella nitidissima were investigated in this study. The results showed that germination rate of seeds can be improved by storing in 6% wet sand,using big size seed (2.05 cm×1.51 cm×1.92 cm）and sowing in March. C.nitidissima has been introduced to Guilin Botanical Garden for 17 years. The plant is adaptable to grow in Guilin and can blossom and seed normally. Compared with the original place,phenological phases of C.nitidissima was postponed about 40 d. Shoots of mature plants grow in autumn and tips grow from the later September to middle October. The flowering period was from the early January to the early April. The fruit of the plant was from the late November to next December. 17 year old trees were (313.60±15.92) cm in height,(4.51±0.7) cm in diameter at base and 277.6 cm×219.2 cm in crown diameter. The main diseases and pests occurred in C.nitidissima were identified as Phyllosticta sp.,Colletotrichum camelliae,Sclerotium volfsii,Toxoptera aurantii,Homona magnanima,Cerambycidae and Zeuzera sp.et al.