彩色马铃薯色素相关基因座的种类、功能与染色体定位

Category， functions and chromosomal locations of the gene loci related to colored potato pigments

关键词:  彩色马铃薯  色素  基因座  种类  功能  染色体定位

Key words:  colored potato  genetic locus  category  function  chromosomal location

摘要:

综述了与彩色马铃薯色素产生与分布相关基因座的观念起源、种类、功能和染色体定位。与彩色马铃薯色素相关基因座的观念起源于试图解释四倍体和二倍体马铃薯块茎和其他部位颜色呈现遗传行为的两个遗传模式。与彩色马铃薯色素相关的13个基因座可划分为4类，第1、第2和第3类分别与马铃薯花色苷的合成、酰化和分布有关，第4类与马铃薯类胡萝卜素的产生相关。基因座I，P，R和Y分别编码一个MYB结构域转录因子、类黄酮3′，5′ 羟化酶、二氢黄酮醇4 还原酶和β 胡萝卜素羟化酶。基因座之间复杂多样的互作综合决定了彩色马铃薯色素特别是花色苷的产生与分布。基因座D和R定位在马铃薯的2号染色体上，E，F，I和PSC在10号染色体上，P在11号染色体上，Y在3号染色体上。可为彩色马铃薯颜色呈现的遗传机理探索提供参考。

Abstract:

This paper summarized the idea origin，category，functions and chromosomal locations of the gene loci involved in the production and distribution of the pigments in colored potatoes. The idea of the gene loci related to the pigments in colored potatoes originated from the two genetic models which attempted to explain the inheritant behaviors of the colorations of the stem tubers and other parts of tetraploid and diploid potatoes. The overall thirteen gene loci related to the pigments in colored potatoes could be classified into four kinds. The first，second and third kinds were related to the synthesis，acylation and distribution of the potato anthocyanins respectively，and the fourth kind was related to the production of the potato carotenoids. Locus I，P，R and Y encoded a MYB domain transcription factor，flavonoid 3′，5′ hydroxylase，dihydroflavonol 4 reductase and β carotene hydroxylase respectively. Various and complicated interactions among the gene loci synthetically determined the production and distribution of the pigments，especially the anthocyanins，in colored potatoes. Locus D and R were located on Chromosome 2 of potato，E，F，I and PSC on Chromosome 10，P on Chromosome 11，and Y on Chromosome 3. This paper could provide a reference for the exploration on the genetic mechanism of the colorations of colored potatoes.