荞麦属植物淀粉酶和甲酸脱氢酶同功酶研究

Amylase and formate dehydrogenase isozymes in the genus Fagopyrum

关键词:  普通荞麦  苦荞  淀粉酶  甲酸脱氢酶  系统关系  起源与进化

Key words:  common buckwheat  tartary buckwheat  amylase isozyme  formate dehydrogenase isozyme  phylogeny  origin and evolution

摘要:

以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法研究了荞麦属植物8个种42个收集系干种子和发芽种子的淀粉酶和甲酸脱氢酶同功酶。结果表明，荞麦淀粉酶在干种子中缺乏活性，但是在发芽种子中活性很强。在供试材料的发芽种子中共发现23个淀粉酶谱带，其中甜荞和苦荞分别有10条和8条。不同荞麦种间淀粉酶谱带差异很大，但是同种内不同收集系间差异较小。谱带聚类分析表明大野荞和毛野荞分别与甜荞和苦荞较近缘，支持它们分别为甜荞和苦荞祖先种的假说。在干种子和发芽种子中，发现所有荞麦种类均只有1条位置一致的甲酸脱氢酶谱带，暗示该酶在进化中具有高度稳定性。

Abstract:

The amylase isozyme and formate dehydrogenase isozyme of 42 accessions of cultivated and wild buckwheat belonging to eight species of the genus Fagopyrum including seven species of the big achene group and one of the small achene group were studied by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE). The isozyme samples were obtained from dry and sprouting seeds，respectively. The results showed that dry seeds had no amylase activity but the sprouting seeds had very active amylase isozymes. A total of 23 bands for the amylase isozyme were observed in sprouting seeds of cultivated and wild buckwheat，with F.esculentum and F.tataricum having 10 and 8 bands，respectively. Variations in the amylase isozyme zymographs were large among different buckwheat species but were less so within the same species. The results of zymograph analysis and clustering showed that F.megaspartanium and F.pilus are closely related to F.esculentum and F.tataricum，respectively，supporting Chen’s hypothesis that F.megaspartanium and F.pilus are ancestors of these two species，respectively. Only one band was observed for the formate dehydrogenase isozyme in the dry and spouting seeds of all accessions.