养殖排放农药和抗生素在红树林区中残留的初步研究

Residues of pesticides and antibiotics in a mangrove area suffering aquaculture drainages

关键词:  红树林  养殖污水  农药  抗生素  污染

Key words:  mangrove  aquaculture drainage  pesticides  antibiotics  pollution

摘要:

广西北海大冠沙红树林区是养殖废水的排放地,该文报道2008年10月农药和抗生素在该林区红树林滩、沙滩和潮沟三类生境的残留水、沉积物和底栖动物中的分布与含量。通过对103种农药和22种抗生素检测,发现该林区有16种农药,4种抗生素,其中甲氰菊酯、仲丁威和醚菌酯是主要的污染农药。在残留水中检出12种农药,它们在红树林滩、沙滩和潮沟中的总浓度分别是42.70、29.63和27.41 ng/L。在沉积物中检出10种农药,它们在红树林滩、沙滩和潮沟中的总浓度分别是7.90、6.70和7.29 μg/kg.DW。在底栖动物体内检出4种农药和3种抗生素。分析表明,红树林滩(残留水和沉积物)比底栖动物更易受到养殖废水的污染,底栖动物对抗生素的富集能力似乎高于对农药的富集能力,生境间污染相似度高于样品间的污染相似度。

Abstract:

This paper reports the distributions and contents of pesticides and antibiotics in the samples of residual waters during low tide,sediments and benthos that were collected in October 2008 at three habitats of mangrove,creek and sand beach situated at Daguansha,Beihai,Guangxi,where the fish farming sewage was discharged. Among the 103 pesticides and 22 antibiotics tested,16 pesticides and 4 antibiotics were found in Daguansha mangrove area with the major pesticides of Fenpropathrin,Fenobucarb and Kresoxim methyl. For the residual waters,twelve pesticides were tested in total contents of 42.70,29.63 and 27.41 ng/L at the habitats of mangrove,sand beach and creek respectively. As for the sediments,ten pesticides were tested in total contents of 7.90,6.70 and 7.29 μg/kg·DW at the habitats of mangrove beach,sand beach and creek respectively. Only four pesticides and three antibiotics were detectable in the benthos. It was showed that mangrove beach(residual water and sediment)was easier polluted by aquaculture drainages than benthos,the benthos enriching capacity seemed higher for antibiotic than for pesticide,and habitats pollution similarity was higher than samples pollution similarity.