秦巴山区野生百合(Lilium spp.)的育种应用研究

Breeding application of wild lily (Lilium spp.) species from Qin Ba mountains

关键词:  秦巴山区， 百合， 远缘杂交， 胚抢救， 杂种后代

Key words:  Qin Ba mountains, Lilium, interspecific hybridization, embryo rescue, filial generation

摘要:

为探索秦巴山区野生百合资源在百合育种中的应用方向及途径， 获得具有其独特遗传背景的育种材料，将秦巴山区野生百合的抗病毒及独特观赏特性等优良遗传性状逐渐渗到栽培品种中去。该研究借助切割柱头杂交及胚抢救技术，选取6种秦巴山区野生百合［岷江百合(Lilium gegale)、宜昌百合(L. leucanthum)、山丹（L. pumilum）、野百合（L. brownii）、宝兴百合（L. duchartrei）、川百合（L. davidii）］以及亚洲百合（Asiatic hybrids，AA）品种‘Elite’、东方百合（Oriental hybrids，OO）品种‘Sorbonne’、‘Siberia’和‘Marlon’、OT百合（Oriental × Trumpet hybrids，OT）品种‘Yelloween’、‘Serano’、‘Corel′door’进行了32组共计263朵花的（品）种间杂交，并针对膨大变软的果实剥离可供离体培养的胚及胚囊进行胚抢救。结果表明：（1）不同杂交组合坐果率、胚获得及萌发率呈现出较大差异，综合坐果率为11.4%，对30个膨大的果实中共计38个可供离体培养的胚及胚囊进行胚抢救，有7株最终萌发。（2）以野生百合为父母本的12组杂交组合中，6组获得了膨大果实，得到6株杂交后代。（3）栽培百合做母本，野生百合做父本的20组杂交组合中，共9组获得了膨大果实，除‘Elite’ × 山丹可直接收获种子外，共得到1株杂交后代。（4）以岷江百合及宜昌百合为亲本的远缘杂交TT × AA及回交OT × TT成功获得杂种后代。（5）秦巴山区6种野生百合在远缘杂交中获得育种后代的几率存在较大差异，宜昌百合和岷江百合获得后代几率较高，宝兴百合获得后代几率较低，野百合未获得后代。以上结果表明，岷江百合和宜昌百合为母本的TT × AA杂交和宝兴百合为父本的TT × AA杂交以及岷江百合和宜昌百合为父本的OT回交，为三种百合的育种利用提供了新途径，野百合的育种应用途径需要继续探索。

Abstract:

In order to explor the application direction and approach of wild lilies from Qin Ba mountains in breeding and to obtain breeding materials with specific genetic background, with the help of cut style pollination and embryo rescue, six species from Qin Ba mountains, one cultivar from Asiatic hybrids (AA), three cultivars from Oriental hybrids (OO) and three cultivars from OT hybrids (OT), and those 32 crossing combinations, with a total of 263 flowers were selected for interspecific hybridization, embryo and embryo sac were cultured isolated from expanded seedpots which were taken for embryo rescue. The results were as follows: (1) There was a significant differences between different recombination, the general fruit setting rate was 11.4%, 30 expanded seedpots were taken for embryo rescue, 38 embryo (sac) were rescued and finally seven plants were obtained. (2) Six hybrid plants were obtained in expanded seedpots of six crossing combinations from 12 crossing combinations when crossing between different lily species. (3) In addition to ‘Elite’ × Lilium pumilum can directly harvest seeds, one hybrid plants was obtained in expanded seedpots of nine crossing combinations from 20 crossing combinations when crossing cultivars as mothers and species as fathers. (4) Lilium regale and L. leucanthum were successfully used in interspecific hybridization of TT × AA and backcross of OO × TT, and hybrid plants were obtained. (5) There was a significant difference between lily species when using as crossing materials, more hybrids were abtained when crossing using species from Trumpet group (section Leucolirion) and no hybrid were obtained when crossing using species from section Archelirion and Sinomartagon. But L. brownii did not get offspring. The results revealed that TT × AA crossing using L. regale, L. leucanthum as father with Asiatic cultivars, TT × AA crossing using L. duchartrei as father, and OT × TT crossing using OT cultivars as mother and L. regale, L. leucanthum as father were new ways to breed new lily cultivars; and the way of using L. brownii still need to be explored.