北疆荒漠几种盐生(耐盐)植物抗逆附属结构的初步研究

Four halophytes(or salt-tolerant species)and their accessory structures of leaf related to adversity tolerance in the desert of northern Xinjiang

关键词:  盐生植物  抗逆附属结构  解剖结构  超微结构

Key words:  halophyte  adversity resistance  accessory structure  anatomic structure  ultra-microstructure

摘要:

利用石蜡切片、扫描电镜、临时装片等方法,对北疆荒漠的3种藜科植物—灰绿藜、费尔干猪毛菜、蒙古猪毛菜和1种菊科植物—花花柴的表皮附属结构进行了显微和超微观察研究。结果表明:(1)对四种植物的解剖结构观察显示,其叶片都含有角质层; 气孔器下陷; 茎中含有大量的维管束; 多数种的细胞中含有簇状晶体结构;(2)四种植物表皮附属结构研究表明:花花柴表皮具有多细胞组成的盐腺和表皮毛结构; 灰绿藜表皮有大量囊泡结构; 蒙古猪毛菜叶表皮有短硬毛和乳突状结构; 费尔干猪毛菜表皮具大量表皮毛,且表皮毛有节。上述结构和特征反映出不同植物对干旱、盐碱土生境适应的多样性,也为旱生和盐生植物的生理学研究提供了新的实验依据。

Abstract:

Paraffin sections,scanning electron microscope and temporary slide methods were employed to study the accessory structure related to adversity tolerance of four halophytes(or salt-tolerant)in the desert of northern Xinjiang,which included Karelinia capsia,Chenopodium glaucum,Salsola ikonnikovii and S.ferganica. The results indicated that:(1)the anatomical structure of the leaf and stem revealed:all the leaves were observed with the keratinized cuticle and sunk stomata,and a number of vascular bundles existed in the stems; many of crystals were presented in leaf and stem cells;(2)observation of the accessory structures of different leaves showed that large amount of salt bladders were discovered on epidermis of C.glaucum,which was consisted of 1-2 small stalk cell and a large bladder-like cell; there were short and hard trichomes and small papillary structure on the epidermis of S.ikonnikovii; there were large number of epidermal trichomes with nodes on the leaf of S.ferganica; K.capsia had multicellular salt glands with a black cap cell on the top and multicellular trichomes on the epidermis. Above structures and features reflected the diversity of adaptability of different plants to the salinity and drought environments,and which would provide some new experimental evidence in physiology aspect for the halophytes and xerophytes.