盐沼草—白骨壤混种减轻污损动物危害的生物防治效果研究

Effect study on a biological prevention method applying mix-culturing of saltmarsh and Avicennia marina mangrove trees to reduce marine fouling fauna damage

关键词:  盐沼草  白骨壤  污损动物  盐沼草-红树协同生态修复  生物防治

Key words:  saltmarsh  Avicennia marina  fouling fauna  saltmarsh-mangrove cooperating ecological conservation  biological prevention method

摘要:

广西北仑河口区新造高程约220 cm的潮间带裸滩,移植白骨壤与茳芏、沟叶结缕草、芦苇和南水葱四种盐沼草进行混种,研究盐沼草-红树混种减轻污损动物对人工红树林危害的生物防治效果。结果表明:沟叶结缕草和茳芏可快速生长和扩展,缓流、促淤能力高于长势较差的南水葱和芦苇。在盐沼和白骨壤上发现19种污损动物,其中潮间藤壶、白条地藤壶、黑口滨螺和粗糙滨螺为优势种。茳芏和沟叶结缕草受污损程度较南水葱和芦苇轻。四种盐沼草受污损程度均低于白骨壤。白骨壤+茳芏、白骨壤+沟叶结缕草混种均可有效减轻污损动物对白骨壤苗木危害,这两类树—草混种处理区苗木的高度、叶数、枝数、枝下高和存活率等指标均较其他处理区好。初步判断“盐沼草-红树林协同生态修复体系”对于营造人工红树林有较高应用价值。

Abstract:

In Beilun estuarine area of Guangxi,China,the intertidal flat were filled to an elevation of about 220 cm Yellow Sea Datum to mix-culture Avicennia marina(AM)seedlings with four species of saltmarsh,aimed at studying the effect of biological prevention method for reducing the fouling damage on mangrove trees. The results showed that Cyperus malaccensis(CM)and Zoysia matrella(ZM)were able to grow and spread faster,and more efficient to slow down water velocity and accelerate sedimentation than Scirpus validus var. laeviglumis(SV)and Phragmites australis(PA). 19 species of fouling fauna were found on saltmarsh and mangroves,among which Balanus littoralis,Euraphia withersi,Littorina melanostoma and L. scabra were major dominant species. Among four saltmarsh species,the fouled degrees on CM and ZM were significantly less than those on other two species. And the fouled degrees on four saltmarsh species were all significantly less than that on A. marina tree. The mix-culturing of saltmarsh CM or ZM with mangrove tree AM could efficiently reduce the fouling damage,resulting in better tree growth indexes i.e. tree height,leaf number,branch number,branch conservation and survival rate than those in mono-species treatment areas. In general,a saltmarsh-mangrove cooperating ecological conservation system could be a practical model for mangrove afforestation. In Beilun estuarine area of Guangxi,China,the intertidal flat were filled to an elevation of about 220 cm Yellow Sea Datum to mix-culture Avicennia marina(AM)seedlings with four species of saltmarsh,aimed at studying the effect of biological prevention method for reducing the fouling damage on mangrove trees. The results showed that Cyperus malaccensis(CM)and Zoysia matrella(ZM)were able to grow and spread faster,and more efficient to slow down water velocity and accelerate sedimentation than Scirpus validus var. laeviglumis(SV)and Phragmites australis(PA). 19 species of fouling fauna were found on saltmarsh and mangroves,among which Balanus littoralis,Euraphia withersi,Littorina melanostoma and L. scabra were major dominant species. Among four saltmarsh species,the fouled degrees on CM and ZM were significantly less than those on other two species. And the fouled degrees on four saltmarsh species were all significantly less than that on A. marina tree. The mix-culturing of saltmarsh CM or ZM with mangrove tree AM could efficiently reduce the fouling damage,resulting in better tree growth indexes i.e. tree height,leaf number,branch number,branch conservation and survival rate than those in mono-species treatment areas. In general,a saltmarsh-mangrove cooperating ecological conservation system could be a practical model for mangrove afforestation.