高原湿地草海水生植物多样性变化研究

Study on aquatic plant diversity changes in Caohai plateau wetland

关键词:  草海  高原湿地  水生植物多样性  变化

Key words:  Caohai  plateau wetland  aquatic plant diversity  changes

摘要:

采用文献对比,结合野外补点调查和观测,研究高原湿地草海水生植物多样性变化。结果表明:近三十年来,到草海越冬的黑颈鹤种群有逐渐增大趋势,1985年223只、2005年506只,到2011年约为1 000只。2005年草海共有维管束植物49种,隶属25科37属,较1983年新增5科10属11种,2012年调查发现草海水生植被朝沼泽植被方向演替发展,荆三棱群落与水葱、李氏禾、水莎草和灯芯草群落一起发展为草海湖滨带主要优势挺水植物群落。空心莲子草在水体东部、东南及东北部入侵危害严重。外界干扰是草海生物多样性变化的主要原因,减少人为负面干扰、维护草海及周边环境稳定是保护和增加水生植物多样性的重要举措。

Abstract:

Based on the data of literature and field survey,aquatic plant diversity of Caohai plateau wetland was analyzed. The results showed that the number of Grus nigricollis wintering in Caohai had increased from 223 in 1985 to 506 in 2005,and 1 000 in 2011. And the number of families and genera of the aquatic plant had significantly increased. There were 49 species subjected to 37 genera of 25 families in 2005,in which 11 species and 10 genera and 5 families were new record contrast with 1983. The Comm. of Scirpus yagara,S. tabernaemontani,Leersia hexandra,Juncellus serotinus and Juncus effusus became main dominant communities along the lakeside. Aquatic vegetation had been changing in the direction of marsh vegetation. The speed of Comm. of Alternanthera sessilis spread had been faster than anticipated,particularly seriously in the east,southeast and northeast of Caohai wetland. Interference is the main reason for the change of biodiversity in Caohai. Reducing human disturbance,maintaining a stable surrounding environment of Caohai are important measures to protect and increase the diversity of aquatic plants.