广西原生蜘蛛抱蛋属植物种质资源特点及其园林应用研究

Characteristics of native Aspidistra germplasm resources in Guangxi and their horticultural applications

关键词:  园林综合评价，资源分布，广西特有植物，观赏价值，生态适应性，喀斯特山地

Key words:  comprehensive horticultural evaluation, resource distribution, guangxi endemic plants, ornamental value, ecological adaptability, karst mountainous areas

摘要:

基于文献研究与野外调查，对广西区域内的原生蜘蛛抱蛋属植物种质资源的分布、生境、观赏特点及其园林开发价值进行了研究，并对引种栽培的52种该属植物从生态适应性、观赏特性和园林应用潜力3个方面进行了综合评价。结果表明：（1）广西原生蜘蛛抱蛋属植物种类96种（含种下等级），其中广西特有种59种，占广西该属总种数的61.46%，特有化现象非常明显。（2）水平分布上，该属植物在全区分布不均衡，主要分布于桂西南、桂西-桂西北、桂北-桂东北以及中部的喀斯特山地中，尤其是与越南接壤的龙州、大新、靖西、那坡、宁明及其邻近的隆安、德保一带最为丰富；垂直分布主要集中于海拔200～800 m的区域。（3）园林综合评价结果表明，该属植物多数物种兼具较高的景观美学价值和较强的生态适应能力，可用作林下地被、花坛花境和镶边植物以及石灰岩和石景配置、专类园建设、盆栽观赏等，具有成为区域特色乡土观赏植物的巨大潜力。研究结果可为广西该属植物的资源开发利用、植物景观设计及生态可持续发展提供参考。

Abstract:

Based on literature review and field investigations, this study systematically examined the distribution, habitats, ornamental characteristics, and horticultural development potential of native Aspidistra species in Guangxi. A comprehensive evaluation of 52 introduced and cultivated species was conducted from three key perspectives: ecological adaptability, ornamental traits, and landscape application potential. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 96 Aspidistra taxa (including infraspecific ranks) were documented in Guangxi, of which 59 species (61.46% of the total) were endemic, indicating a pronounced pattern of endemism. (2) Spatially, the genus exhibited an uneven horizontal distribution, with concentrated occurrences in the karst mountainous areas of southwestern, western-northwestern, northern-northeastern, and central Guangxi. The highest species richness was observed in border regions adjacent to Vietnam, particularly in Longzhou, Daxin, Jingxi, Napo, Ningming, and neighboring areas such as Long’an and Debao. Vertically, most species were distributed at elevations of 200-800 meters above sea level. (3) The comprehensive horticultural evaluation reveals that most species in this genus possess both significant landscape aesthetic value and strong ecological adaptability. These species show significant potential for diverse landscape applications, including ground cover in woodland settings, flower beds and borders, edging plants, limestone and rock garden accents, specialized garden designs, and potted ornamental plants, demonstrating significant potential as regionally distinctive native ornamental plants. This research findings can provide references for the resource development and utilization of plants of the genus in Guangxi, botanic landscape design and ecological sustainability.