全球世界自然遗产地的空间分布及潜力区筛选建议

Spatial distribution of global world natural heritage sites and suggestions for screening potential areas

关键词:  世界自然遗产地,自然保护地,生物多样性,潜力区,影响因素

Key words:  world natural heritage sites, nature reserves, biodiversity, potential area, influencing factors

摘要:

世界自然遗产地对于保护生物多样性至关重要。然而,当前世界自然遗产地对生物多样性保护的贡献与差距仍不明晰。为此,该文分析了世界自然遗产地数量和面积的时空变化特征,并识别了当前世界自然遗产地在全球生物多样性重要分布区中的保护空缺,旨在为未来筛选世界自然遗产地潜力区提供参考。结果表明:(1)截至2021年7月,世界自然遗产地共257项,有189项以保护生物多样性为主要目的被列入到名录中,占总数的73.54%。(2)在189项以保护生物多样性为目的的世界遗产地中,有80项分布在16个生物多样性超级丰富的国家; 89项分布在全球30个生物多样性热点区内; 134项分布在全球关键生物多样性区; 170项分布在12个植被生物群落中。(3)世界自然遗产地数量的空间分布差异主要受到自然环境、经济发展水平、人口分布等因素的共同影响。(4)世界自然遗产地为生物多样性保护作出了重要贡献但仍存在空缺。未来可从3个方向考虑世界遗产地的申报,即列入类别上可扩展不可再生地质类遗址与生物多样性世界遗产地的名单,生物多样性保护上对未受到保护的优先区予以重视并增强有效性保护,地理分布上加强代表性不足的遗址分布数量。以上研究成果对于指导探寻那些具有独特生物多样价值但还尚未列入世界自然遗产保护的区域有重要参考价值。

Abstract:

World natural heritage sites are crucial for the conservation of biodiversity. However, the current contribution and gaps of world natural heritage sites to biodiversity conservation remain unclear. To this end, we analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of the changes in the number and area of world natural heritage sites, and identified the current conservation gaps of world natural heritage sites in the globally important distribution areas of biodiversity, aimed to provide a reference for future screening of potential areas for world natural heritages sites. The results were as follows:(1)As of July 2021, there were a total of 257 world natural heritage sites, 189 of which had been inscribed on list with the primary purpose of conserving biodiversity, accounting for 73.54% of the total.(2)Of the 189 world heritage sites whose main purpose was the conservation of biodiversity, 80 were located in 16 super-rich biodiversity countries, 89 were located in 30 global biodiversity hotspots, 134 were located in global key biodiversity areas, and 170 were located in 12 vegetation biomes.(3)The differences in the spatial distribution of the number of world natural heritage sites were mainly influenced by the combination of factors such as the natural environment, the level of economic development and population distribution.(4)World natural heritage sites made an important contribution to biodiversity conservation but there were still gaps. In the future, the declaration of world heritage sites can be considered in three directions, those are expanding the list of non-renewable geological sites and biodiversity world heritage sites for inclusion in the categories, emphasizing and enhancing the effectiveness of the protection of unprotected priority areas for biodiversity conservation, and strengthening the distribution of under-represented sites in terms of geographic distribution. The results of the above research will be an important reference for guiding the search for areas of unique biodiversity value that have not yet been inscribed for world natural heritage protection.