西藏煨桑植物的民族植物学调查研究

Ethnobotanical survey and research on bsang plants in Xizang Autonomous Region

关键词:  西藏, 煨桑植物, 民族植物学, 资源管理, 可持续利用

Key words:  Xizang, bsang plants, ethnobotany, resource management, sustainable utilization

摘要:

煨桑是青藏高原上独具民族文化特色的民俗活动,在藏族的日常生活中占据着重要地位。青藏高原上有着丰富的煨桑植物资源和相关的煨桑文化知识,为调查、记录和研究藏族煨桑植物和相关传统知识,该研究团队先后在中国西藏自治区进行了4次煨桑植物的民族植物学调查,访谈了23个乡镇的459位信息报告人,记录了19科36属83种煨桑植物和相关传统知识。结果表明:(1)不同地区、年龄、性别的人们普遍掌握着丰富的煨桑植物知识。(2)青稞(Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste)、滇藏方枝柏(Juniperus indica)、髯花杜鹃(Rhododendron anthopogon)的文化价值指数(CV)较高,是煨桑活动中非常重要的3种植物。(3)煨桑植物的利用呈现出地域性和替代性的特点,展现出当地人对煨桑植物资源科学管理和可持续采集的实践经验。该研究将有助于煨桑文化的传承以及煨桑植物资源的生物多样性保护和持续利用。

Abstract:

Bsang is a folk activity with unique ethnic cultural characteristics on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP), and plays an important role in the daily life of Zang people. There are abundant bsang plant resources and related bsang cultural knowledge on the QTP, to investigate, document, and study Xizang bsang plants and related traditional knowledge, the research team conducted four ethnobotanical surveys on bsang plants in Xizang Autonomous Region, China. Interviews were conducted with 459 informants from 23 townships, documenting 83 species of bsang plants belonging to 36 genera across 19 families. The results are as follows:(1)People of different regions, ages, and genders possess extensive knowledge of bsang plants.(2)Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste, Juniperus indica, and Rhododendron anthopogon have high cultural value index(CV), making them crucial in bsang activities.(3)The utilization of bsang plants demonstrates regional and substitutive characteristics, reflecting the local practices of scientifically managing and sustainably collecting of bsang plant resources. This study contributes to the inheritance of bsang activities and the biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization of bsang plant resources.