四种广西特有秋海棠花朵挥发性成分分析

Volatile components in flowers of four endemic Begonia?species??in?Guangxi

关键词:  秋海棠属，气相色谱-质谱联用技术，鲜花，挥发性成分，喀斯特植物

Key words:  Begonia, GC-MS, fresh flower, volatile components, karst plants

摘要:

广西特有植物灯果秋海棠（Begonia lanternaria）、 弄 岗 秋 海 棠 （B. longgangensis） 、 鹿 寨 秋 海 棠 （B. luzhaiensis） 和 假 癞 叶 秋 海 棠 （B. pseudoleprosa）具有重要的生态价值与观赏潜力。为阐明其花朵挥发性成分的组成、含量及种间差异，为筛选具有地域特色的野生秋海棠种质资源提供科学依据。该研究采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对4种秋海棠鲜花挥发物进行鉴定分析。结果表明：（1）共检测出56种挥发性化合物，主要包括萜烯类（17种）、烃类（萜烯除外）（18种）、醇类（8种）、酚类（1种）、酯类（6种）、酰胺类（1种）及其他化合物（5种）。其中萜烯类物质在弄岗秋海棠、鹿寨秋海棠和假癞叶秋海棠花朵中的相对含量极高（86.86%~98.01%），而灯果秋海棠花中相对含量最高的为醇类。（2）挥发性成分数量呈现明显的种间差异，丰富度从大到小依次为弄岗秋海棠（27种）、假癞叶秋海棠（22种）、鹿寨秋海棠（10种）、灯果秋海棠（5），4个物种间无共有挥发性成分。（3）弄岗秋海棠雄花、雌花与鹿寨秋海棠花中 (Z)-β-罗勒烯相对含量显著富集，相对含量高达93.49%、92.07%和81.72%，可能是其特色香气的主要贡献者。综上认为，4种秋海棠植物的鲜花挥发性物质在成分组成和相对含量上均存在差异，由此形成了各自独特的香气特征。该研究结果以期能为秋海棠属植物种质资源评价、品种选育、园艺开发及康养旅游等方面提供有价值的参考。

Abstract:

The Guangxi endemic plants B. lanternaria, B. longgangensis, B. luzhaiensis, and B. pseudoleprosa have important ecological value and ornamental potential. This study aims to clarify the composition, content and interspecific differences of volatile components in their flowers, providing a scientific basis for screening wild Begonia germplasm resources with regional characteristics.In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify and analyze the volatile compounds of four species of fresh Begonia flowers. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 56 volatile compounds were detected, including terpenes (17), hydrocarbons （excluding terpenes )(18), alcohols (8), phenols (1), esters (6), amides (1), and other compounds (5). The relative content of terpenes in B. longgangensis, B. luzhaiensis, and B. pseudoleprosa flowers was extremely high (86.86%–98.01%), whereas alcohols had the highest relative content in B. lanternaria flowers was alcohols. (2) The number of volatile components showed significant differences among species. The richness of volatile components ranked from highest to lowest as follows: B. longgangensis (27 kinds), B. pseudoleprosa (22 kinds), B. luzhaiensis (10 kinds), and B. lanternaria (5 kinds). No common volatile components were found among the four species. (3) The relative contents of (Z)-β-ocimene in the male and female flowers of B. longgangensis and luzhaiensis flowers were significantly enriched, with relative contents as high as 93.49 %, 92.07 % and 81.72 %, which may be the main contributor to their characteristic aroma. In summary, the volatile components of the flowers of the four Begonia species differed in composition and relative content, resulting in unique aroma profiles. These findings provide valuable references for the evaluation of germplasm resources, variety breeding, horticultural development, and health tourism related to Begonia plants.