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| 植物响应盐碱胁迫的生理分子和微生物学机制 |
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王丽1,2, 王剑峰3*, 马兰民2, 李含笑2, 蒋中玉2, 梁佳2, 徐雯敏2, 马乐乐2, 李萍2*
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1.青海大学 畜牧兽医科学院,西宁 810016；2. 青海大学 生态环境工程学院,西宁 810016；3. 兰州大学 草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,兰州 730030
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| 摘要: |
| 土壤盐碱化是影响土壤环境和农业生产的重要限制因素，会对植物的生长代谢活动产生不利影响。植物在长期进化中发展出复杂的机制以应对盐碱胁迫，例如：改变形态结构、激活抗氧化防御系统、调节渗透平衡、维持细胞离子稳态、调控植物激素水平、稳定细胞内pH值以确保正常生化反应。此外，植物还可通过调控基因、转录因子的表达，并激活信号转导通路以响应盐碱胁迫。同时，植物根系分泌物作为化学信号，在根际环境中选择性招募特定有益微生物，重塑了根际微生物群落的多样性、组成、结构及功能特性，构建出适应盐碱胁迫的根际环境。植物生长促进微生物(PGPM)因与植物的共生关系被认为是植物的第二基因组，可通过多种协同机制增强植物耐盐碱性。主要包括产生植物激素(如ABA、IAA)调控生长发育，促进渗透调节，分泌抗氧化酶强化抗氧化防御系统，调控根系离子转运体维持细胞离子稳态，并优化养分获取(如溶解难溶性养分、固氮)。PGPM也可调节相关的代谢途径，从而提高植物的耐盐碱性。此外，PGPM还可影响根际微生物群落组装，通过富集有益微生物来维持促进生长和缓解胁迫的效果。本文系统综述了植物应对盐碱胁迫的形态学、生理学、分子学及根际微生物学机制。重点阐明了根际微生物群在维持盐碱环境下植物生命活动中的关键作用，旨在为盐碱地区可持续农业发展与生态修复提供坚实的科学基础。 |
| 关键词: 盐碱胁迫，生物调节，PGPM，促生作用，根际微生物 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202506024 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:青海省昆仑英才·高端创新人才·培养领军人才项目；中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(青(2023)TG03)；青海大学省部共建三江源生态与农牧业国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2024-KF-04)；青海大学大学生科研训练计划项目(SRT202590)；2025年高原生物学菁英班大学生科技创新项目（2025-stxy-JY05）；国家自然科学基金面上项目(32371772) |
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| Physiological, molecular, and microbiological mechanisms of plant response to saline-alkaline stress |
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WANG Li1,2, WANG Jianfeng3*, MA Lanmin2, LI Hanxiao2, JIANG Zhongyu2, LIANG Jia2, XU Wenmin2, MA Lele2, LI Ping2*
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1. Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China; 2. School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China; 3. National Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem and Grass Variety Improvement, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
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| Abstract: |
| Soil salinization is one of the abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development and can adversely affect key processes such as seed germination, growth, development and production. Over long-term evolution, plants have developed mechanisms to adapt to saline-alkaline stress through metabolic activities, such as activating antioxidant systems, regulating osmotic systems, maintaining ion balance, adjusting hormone levels, and stabilizing pH. Additionally, plants respond to saline-alkaline stress by regulating the expression of genes and transcription factors and activating signal transduction pathways. Plant root exudates can recruit specific beneficial microorganisms, altering the diversity, structure, and function of rhizosphere microbial communities to construct a favorable rhizosphere environment for plant growth. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are considered the "second genome" of plants, enhancing their defense against saline-alkaline stress through multiple mechanisms, including regulation of plant hormones, osmotic balance, antioxidant systems, ion balance, and nutrient uptake. PGPM can also modulate metabolic pathways to improve plant tolerance to saline-alkaline conditions. Furthermore, PGPM influence the structure and function of rhizosphere microbial communities, strengthening and sustaining their beneficial effects. This review focuses on the morphological, physiological, molecular, and rhizosphere microecological mechanisms underlying plant responses to saline-alkaline stress, highlighting the multifaceted role of PGPM in supporting plant life under such stress conditions. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for agricultural development and ecological restoration in saline-alkaline regions. |
| Key words: Saline-alkaline stress, Biological regulation, PGPM, Growth promotion, Rhizosphere microbial community |
