滇山茶品种的花色性状分类及花瓣理化因子分析

Classification of flower color traits and analysis of petal physicochemical factors in Camellia reticulata cultivars

关键词:  滇山茶, 花色, 理化因子, 花青苷, 类黄酮, 相关性分析

Key words:  Camellia reticulata, flower color, physiochemical factors, anthocyanins, flavonoids, correlation analysis

摘要:

滇山茶(Camellia reticulata)是我国西南地区重要的冬季观花树种之一,具有树形高大,花繁色艳等特点。为探索滇山茶花色形成的机理,该研究以不同花色的滇山茶种质为材料,分别对其花瓣颜色参数、细胞液pH值、金属离子含量、总花青苷含量、总黄酮含量和总类胡萝卜素含量等理化指标进行测定,并采用显著性差异比较和相关性分析等方法,综合分析滇山茶花色表型与理化因子的关系。结果表明:(1)利用CIEL^*a^*b^*表色系统可将滇山茶花色划分为5个色系,分别是红紫色、红色、粉紫色、浅粉色和白色,其结果能较好地对滇山茶花色表型进行区分和定量描述。(2)理化因素与花色关系较为复杂,滇山茶花瓣的细胞液pH值检测范围为3.48～4.46,细胞内环境偏酸性,可为维持花瓣中花青苷的稳定性起到积极作用,8种金属离子在不同色系花瓣中的含量具有显著性差异,并且与花色表型数据和花色素含量显著相关。(3)在不同花色的滇山茶花瓣中检测出总黄酮、总花青苷和总类胡萝卜素的含量且均存在显著性差异,在‘童子面'中总黄酮含量最高,在花色最深的‘朱砂紫袍'中总花青苷和总类胡萝卜素的含量均为最高。综上认为,花瓣中花青苷含量与花色表型存在相关关系,类黄酮化合物可能通过共色作用参与花朵的呈色,不同类型花色素可能按照一定比例共同调节了滇山茶花朵的呈色,细胞液pH值和金属离子参与了花朵呈色的过程且起到积极作用。该研究结果可为滇山茶花色分类提供科学依据,并为揭示花色形成机理提供理论基础。

Abstract:

Camellia reticulata is an important winter-flowering tree species in southwestern China, known for the characteristics of tall tree structure and brightly colored flowers. To explore the mechanism of flower color formation in C. reticulata, this study used germplasms of different flower colors as experimental materials. Various physicochemical indicators were measured, including petal color parameters, cellular pH, metal ion content, total anthocyanin content, total flavonoid content, and total carotenoid content. Methods such as significance difference comparison and correlation analysis were employed to comprehensively analyze the relationship between flower color phenotypes and physicochemical factors in C. reticulata. The results were as follows:(1)Using the CIEL^*a^*b^* color system, the flower colors of C. reticulata could be classified into five color series, as reddish-purple, red, pinkish-purple, light-pink, and white. This method effectively distinguished and quantitatively described the flower color phenotypes.(2)Relationship between physicochemical factors and flower color was complex. The pH of petal cell sap ranged from 3.48 to 4.46, indicating an acidic intracellular environment, which might help maintain the stability of anthocyanins in the petals. The content of eight metal ions varied significantly among petals of different color series and showed significant correlations with flower color phenotype data and pigment content.(3)Significant differences were observed in the content of total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, and total carotenoids among petals of different colors. Total flavonoids were highest in ‘Tongzimian', while total anthocyanins and total carotenoids were all the highest in ‘Zhushazipao', which had the darkest flower color phenotype. In conclusion, anthocyanin content in petals is correlated with flower color phenotype. Flavonoids may participate in flower coloration through copigmentation, and different types of pigments likely collectively regulate the flower color of C. reticulata in specific proportions. Cytoplastic pH and metal ions are involved in the flower coloration process and play positive roles. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the classification of C. reticulata flower colors and offer theoretical insights into the mechanism of flower color formation.