牡丹组植物的药用民族植物学研究与考证

Medicinal ethnobotany research on Paeonia sect. Moutan through textual evidence

关键词:  牡丹组植物, 药用功效, 民族植物学, 古籍, 研究与考证

Key words:  Paeonia sect. Moutan plants, medicinal efficacy, ethnobotany, traditional Chinese classic ancient manuscripts, research and textual

摘要:

牡丹干燥根皮自古以来就有入药的传统,尤其在中药和民族药中被广泛使用。为阐明牡丹组植物在古籍中的记载情况和民族药中的利用现状,该文对中国八部经典医学古籍、37部地方志和民族药传统知识进行整理,采用民族植物学编目方法,对牡丹组植物在古籍和民族药中的入药种类、地理分布、入药部位、炮制方法和功效等相关传统知识进行考证和分析研究。结果表明:古籍中记载的牡丹组植物种类被考证为2种,分别为牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)和滇牡丹(P. delavayi),有14种炮制方法和18类功效; 现有9个民族药使用4种牡丹组植物入药,为牡丹(P. suffruticosa)、滇牡丹(P. delavayi)、紫斑牡丹(P. rockii)和四川牡丹(P. decomposita); 在古籍和民族药中,牡丹(P. suffruticosa)入药的频率高于其他品种; 古籍以根、丹皮和花入药与民族药记载相一致,入药部位以根和丹皮的使用频率最高。芍药属牡丹组植物有治疗糖尿病、高血压、肺炎、急性高烧、乌头中毒、急性阑尾炎、中风、癫疾、炭疽,以及安神、润泽肌肤等多种药用、保健和护肤功效,为该类植物资源的研发提供了知识原型和应用基础研究。

Abstract:

The dried root bark of tree peony had been widely used in medicine, especially in traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine since ancient times. In order to clarify the recorded of Paeonia sect. Moutan plants in Chinese classic ancient manuscripts, we used an ethnobotanical approach to review eight classic ancient Chinese manuscripts, 37 local chronicles and traditional knowledge of ethnic medicine. We catalogued, traditional knowledge about the species, geographical distribution, medicinal parts, processing methods and efficacy of Paeonia sect. Moutan plants in traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine. The results were as follows: Two species of Paeonia sect. Moutan plants(Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia delavayi)were recorded in traditional Chinese classic ancient manuscripts discuss 14 processing methods and 18 kinds of medicinal functions. At present, four species of Paeonia sect. Moutan plants were used for medicine in nine ethnic medicine, which were P. suffruticosa, P. delavayi, P. rockii and P. decomposita; P. suffruticosa was used more frequently than that of other species in traditional Chinese classic ancient manuscripts and ethnic medicine; The root, Moutan Cortex, and flower of were recorded as medicine in traditional Chinese classic ancient manuscripts, which is consistent with the record of ethnic medicines, and root and Moutan Cortex were the most frequently used for medical parts. The Paeonia sect. Moutan's medicinal functions include health and skin care effects, such as treating diabetes mellitus, hypertension, pneumonia, acute high fever, aconite poisoning, acute appendicitis, apoplexy, epilepsy and anthrax, as well as tranquilizing the mind and moisturizing skin. This study provides the knowledge prototype for basic of application for the research and development of this species.