龙眼新品种(系)引种南宁的生长与开花结果特性比较

Comparison of characteristics of growth, flowering and fruiting of new longan varieties (stains)introduced in Nanning

关键词:  龙眼, 新品种(系), 生长, 开花结果, 比较

Key words:  longan, new varieties(stains), growth, flowering and fruiting, comparison

摘要:

‘宝石1号'‘晚香'和‘福晚8号'是2017年从福建省农业科学院果树研究所引进到广西南宁市的龙眼新品种(系)。为研究其在本地的生长发育和开花结果规律,该文以广西主栽品种‘石硖'和‘桂明1号'为对照材料,研究其树体生长发育情况、产量、物候期、开花和落花落果规律及雌花开放数与温湿度的关系。结果表明:引进的3个龙眼新品种(系)高接后的植株长势和产量与‘石硖'相近,‘宝石1号'的单穗重最重,其次是‘福晚8号',‘晚香'与2个主栽品种相近; ‘福晚8号'的果实成熟期最晚,生育期最长,达196 d,比‘桂明1号'长15 d。‘宝石1号'的花期最长,‘晚香'的最短,3个新品种(系)的雌雄花开放顺序均为“雄-雌-雄-雌-雄”,‘宝石1号'和‘福晚8号'的雌雄花相遇时间较长,为18～19 d; 3个龙眼新品种(系)在南宁均有3次落果高峰期,落果主要集中在6月份的第二次生理落果期。3个龙眼新品种(系)的雌花开放数与花前温湿度的关系密切,花期前后一定的温湿度范围内,较高的温度和较低的空气湿度有利于‘宝石1号'和‘福晚8号'的雌花开放,而较低的温度和较高的空气湿度有利于‘晚香'的雌花开放。综上结果表明,3个引进的福建龙眼新品种(系)在广西均能正常开花结果且表现较好,‘宝石1号'较早熟,‘福晚8号'成熟期最晚、雌雄花相遇时间长且落果率较低。

Abstract:

‘Baoshi No.1', ‘Wanxiang' and ‘Fuwan No. 8' are the new longan varieties(lines)introduced from Fruit Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences to Nanning City, Guangxi in 2017. In order to study the local growth and development, flowering and fruiting regularity ‘Shixia' and ‘Guiming No.1', the main cultivars in Guangxi, were used as control to study the growth and development, yield, phenological period, flowering and fruit dropping regularity, and the relationship between the number of female flowers and temperature and humidity. The results were as follows: The plant growth and yield of the three introduced longan varieties(lines)after high grafting were similar to those of ‘Shixia'. The single panicle of ‘Baoshi No.1' was the heaviest, followed by ‘Fuwan No.8', and ‘Wanxiang' was similar to that of the two main cultivars; the fruit maturity stage of ‘Fuwan No.8' was the latest and the longest growth stage was 196 d, which was 15 d longer than ‘Guiming No.1'. The flowering stage of ‘Baoshi No.1' was the longest and ‘Wanxiang' was the shortest. The order of male and female flowers blooming of the three new varieties(lines)was “male-female-male-female-male”. The meeting time of male and female flowers of ‘Baoshi No.1' and ‘Fuwan No.8' was longer, which was 18-19 d. The three new longan varieties(lines)had three peak stages of fruit dropping in Nanning, and the fruit dropping mainly occurred in the second physiological fruit dropping stage in June. The results showed that the numbers of female flowers of three new longan varieties(lines)were closely related to the temperature and humidity before flowering. Within a certain range of temperature and humidity before and after flowering, higher temperature and lower air humidity were beneficial to female flower blooming of ‘Baoshi No.1' and ‘Fuwan No.8', while lower temperature and higher air humidity were beneficial to female flower blooming of ‘Wanxiang'. On the whole, the three introduced Fujian longan varieties(lines)can normally bloom and bear fruit in Guangxi, ‘Baoshi No.1' is earlier, ‘Fuwan No.8' is the latest, the meeting time of male and female flowers is long, and the fruit-dropping rate is low.