粉垄“145”模式在新植蔗上的应用效应及其生理生态基础

Application effect of the model of Fenlong “145” on newly planted sugarcane and its physiological and ecological bases

关键词:  粉垄“145”模式, 新植蔗, 生理, 生态, 产量, 品质

Key words:  the model of Fenlong “145”, newly planted sugarcane, physiology, ecology, yield, quality

摘要:

为了解粉垄“145”模式在新植蔗上的应用效果,解析其生理生态基础,该研究以桂柳05136为材料,设置常规耕作(CK)和粉垄“145”模式(FL145)2个处理,通过大田试验研究粉垄“145”模式对土壤性质以及新植蔗农艺性状、光合特性和产量品质的影响,并分析其经济效益。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,FL145的0～20 cm、20～40 cm根区,土壤容重显著降低1.25%～5.98%,土壤孔隙度显著提高1.08%～4.77%,土壤含水量显著提高1.78%～8.23%。(2)FL145促进新植蔗根系生长,出苗效果和农艺性状表现良好,株高显著增加2.20%～7.86%。(3)FL145的新植蔗单株叶面积显著增大15.88%,叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度分别显著提高1.41%、6.84%、18.67%、10.06%,光合能力增强,单株干物质积累量显著增加9.26%。(4)收获时,FL145的新植蔗有效茎数、茎长、茎径显著增加,理论产量和实际产量分别显著提高5.07%和5.11%,蔗汁蔗糖分和锤度分别显著提高1.61%和1.50%,还原糖分显著下降12.50%。(5)FL145新植蔗生产总成本比CK的降低378 yuan·hm^-2,总产值增加1 934.4 yuan·hm^-2,利润增加2 312.4 yuan·hm^-2。综上表明,粉垄“145”模式通过“一亩只耕三分地”和减少化学除草环节的投入来实现降本增效; 同时创造了良好的土壤条件,使新植蔗根系发达,进而增强光合能力,促进植株的生长发育,有利于干物质和糖分的积累,是新植蔗提质增产的原因。

Abstract:

To explore the application effects of the model of Fenlong “145” on newly planted sugarcane and to analyze its physiological and ecological bases, Guiliu 05136 was used as the experimental material. Conventional tillage(CK)and the model of Fenlong “145”(FL145)were set in this study. Soil properties, and agronomic characters, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of newly planted sugarcane were measured under field conditions, and economic benefits were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with CK, at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depth, the soil bulk density in FL145 were significantly decreased by 1.25%-5.98%, while the soil porosity and the content of soil water were significantly increased by 1.08%-4.77% and 1.78%-8.23%, respectively.(2)FL145 could promote the growth of roots and seedling emergence of newly planted sugarcane. The agronomic characters in FL145 showed well, and the plant height were significantly increased by 2.20%-7.86%.(3)The leaf area per plant, the chlorophyll content, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO₂ concentration were significantly increased by 15.88%, 1.41%, 6.84%, 18.67%, 10.06%, respectively, photosynthetic capacity was enhanced, and the dry matter accumulation per plant in FL145 was significantly increased by 9.26%.(4)At harvest, the number of millable canes, stem length and stem diameter of newly planted sugarcane in FL145 were significantly increased. The theoretical yield and actual yield in FL145 significantly were increased by 5.07% and 5.11%, respectively, while the sucrose content in cane juice and the Brix were significantly increased by 1.61% and 1.50%, respectively, and the content of reducing sugar was significantly decreased by 12.50%.(5)Compared with CK, the total production cost of newly planted sugarcane in FL145 was reduced by 378 yuan·hm^-2, while the total output value and the profit were increased by 1 934.4 and 2 312.4 yuan·hm^-2, respectively. Therefore, FL145 has the effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency in the production of newly planted sugarcane by reducing the investment in soil preparation and ditching and chemical weeding. Meanwhile, FL145 creates better soil conditions, and has a positive effect on the root growth, thereby promoting photosynthetic capacity and the growth and development of plant, and has a positive effect on the accumulation of dry matter and sugar, resulting in the increase of the quality and yield of newly planted sugarcane.