广西苦苣苔科植物一新种——平果报春苣苔

Primulina pingguoensis, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China

关键词:  石灰岩地区, 植物区系, 报春苣苔属, 囊筒报春苣苔, 分类学

Key words:  limestone area, flora, Primulina, Primulina carinata, taxonomy

摘要:

该文报道了广西苦苣苔科报春苣苔属(Primulina Hance)一新种——平果报春苣苔(Primulina pingguoensis H. S. Ma & B. Pan),该新种在形态学上与囊筒报春苣苔(P. carinata Y. G. Wei, F. Wen & H. Z. Lü)相似,但两者能明显区别,平果报春苣苔花冠裂片狭披针形至线型,长宽比大于2(vs.圆形至卵圆形,长宽比小于1.5),花冠内部具8～10条紫色条纹,与花冠同色,无明显导蜜线(vs.棕色条纹,与花冠不同色,具两条黄色导蜜线),花冠筒管状,腹面隆状,(vs.狭漏斗状,明显隆起,形成一清晰的龙骨),叶片椭圆形到宽卵形,(6.5～9.5)cm ×(4.5～6.5)cm [vs.宽椭圆形到卵形,(4.0～5.0)cm ×(3.0～4.0)cm],叶基部稍楔形(vs. 圆形)。该新种目前只在模式产地一个较大的石灰岩溶洞及周边发现有分布,目前该溶洞内开始发展畜牧养殖,对该物种的生存空间带来压力。该文对该新种的分布区(EOO)和占有面积(AOO)分别进行了评估,认为根据现已知的居群和所受威胁情况,根据 IUCN 红色名录标准,可暂定为“极危(CR)”级别。该种作为传统中药,被当地居民用于新生儿去胎毒等,有一定的保护和利用价值,今后可进一步开展此物种的民族植物学和药用植物学研究。该种面临生境破坏和野外采挖的风险,因此很有必要开展迁地保护和野外回归等相关工作。与该种同一乡镇分布的物种紫麟报春苣苔(P. purpureokylin F. Wen, Yi Huang & W. C. Chou),后者花冠筒漏斗状,叶片深绿至紫色,叶两面具紫红色粗伏毛而明显区别; 距离该种5 km内分布有小白花报春苣苔(P. alba R.F.Li & B.Pan),后者花明显小型,花冠筒状,纯白色,与该种相区别。通过比较该种与报春苣苔属其他物种,发现也有一些物种花筒或多或少有膨大,如浅黄报春苣苔(P. lutescens B. Pan & H. S. Ma)、粉花报春苣苔 [P. roseoalba(W. T. Wang)Mich. Möller & A. Weber]、中华报春苣苔 [P. dryas(Dunn)Mich. Möller & A. Weber]、多莛报春苣苔 [P. polycephala (Chun)Mich. Möller & A. Weber]以及崀山报春苣苔 [P. langshanica(W. T. Wang)Yin Z. Wang]等,初步推断报春苣苔属植物的花筒膨大可能与特定传粉者有关,然而这一假设需进一步的野外调查和实验论证。

Abstract:

Primulina pingguoensis H. S. Ma & B. Pan, a new species of Primulina Hance, Gesneriaceae from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, is illustrated and described here. The new species morphologically resembles P. carinata Y. G. Wei, F. Wen & H. Z. Lü, but it differs from the latter by lobes narrowly lanceolate-linear, length-width ratio more than 2(rounded-ovate, length-width ratio less than 1.5), 8-10 purple stripes from corolla throat to the bottom of corolla tube, the same color with corolla, without honey guides(vs. brown stripes, different color with corolla, 2 yellow honey guides inside), leaf blade elliptic to broadly ovate,(6.5-9.5)cm ×(4.5-6.5)cm [(vs. broadly elliptic to ovate,(4.0-5.0)cm ×(3.0-4.0)cm], leaf blade base slightly cuneate(vs. rounded), corolla tube tubular, ventrally carinate,(vs. narrowly funnelform, strongly carinate, forming a clear keel), etc. The conservation status of P. pingguoensis is considered as ‘Critically Endangered'(CR)according to the IUCN red list categories and criteria.