中国西双版纳傣族与泰国泰族民间植物命名方法与土著名字的相似性探讨

Approach on the similarity of plant folk naming method and vernacular names between China Xishuangbanna Dai and Thailand Thai

关键词:  民族植物学研究, 中国西双版纳傣族与泰国泰族, 相同植物的民间命名方法, 相似的植物土著名字, 相似的历史渊源成因, 科学与文化交流的意义

Key words:  ethnobotanical research, China Xishuangbanna Dai & Thailand Thai, the same folk naming method for plants, the highest similarity of plant vernacular names, the significance of scientific & cultural exchanges

摘要:

通过对中国西双版纳与泰国都有分布和栽培的641种植物的傣、泰土著名字相似性比较，发现这两个民族具有基本相同的民间植物命名的“双名法”。西双版纳傣族与泰国的兰纳地区、北—东北部和其它地区泰族的植物土著名相同、相似的分别占0.69、0.57和0.37，主要包括药用植物在内的经济植物和与南传上座部佛教文化密切相关的植物。其主要成因包括他们的语言文字、宗教信仰、生活习俗等的傣、泰历史渊源及其所具有的传统文化密切程度相关。其中，兰纳地区地处泰国北部，它不仅邻近西双版纳，而且在历史上，它们曾经同属于“兰纳王国”，两地的边界曾是“犬牙交错”，成为“曼比勐农”（兄弟之邦）。这样，使包括土著名字在内的佛教植物、野生植物和栽培植物等的交流比泰国其它地区更加密切，相似性便最高。西双版纳傣族和兰纳泰族被视为尚存的标准“Tai”人区。因此，该研究对于中国Dai、泰国Thai、缅甸Siam和老挝Laos等国家民族的科学文化交流及其植物资源的利用和保护等具有重要的意义

Abstract:

Through the comparison on the similarities for 641 species of comnon plant’s vernacular names between China Xishuangbanna Dai and Thailand Thai, the same method of a folk “binominal nomenclature” for plant names existed in Dai and Thai were discovered. And the similarity of plant vernacular names in Xishuangbanna Dai and Thai in Lanna, North Northeast and other areas of Thailand are 0.69, 0.57 and 0.37 respectively, which are mainly economic plants especial medicinal plant and the plants closely related to the culture of the Little Vehicle Buddhism. The cause of formation is related to the historical origin of Dai and Thai, they have the same or similarity of traditional culture, including religious belief, language and script, living custom etc.. Among them, Lanna area is not only close to Xishuangbanna, but also formed a “jagged” interlocking pattern of border line with Xishuangbanna because they belonged to the same “Kindon of Lanna” at one time in the history, and became the “mang bi meng nong”(brothers’ countries), which made the highest similarity of plant vernacular names among Thailand Thai. In this case, more plant resources were exchanged by peoples’intercourse between the two areas frequently. The research has an important significance on scientific and cultural exchange among China Dai, Thailand Thai, Myanmar Siam and Lao Laos etc. owing to Xishuangbanna Dai and Lanna Thai are considered as the standard area of “Tai”people in the world.