宁夏不同地区灵武长枣果实多糖的单糖成分分析

Analysis on monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in Ziziphus jujube cv. Lingwuchangzao from different areas in Ningxia

关键词:  灵武长枣, 多糖, 提取, 分离纯化, 单糖组成

Key words:  Ziziphus jujube cv. Lingwuchangzao, polysaccharides, extraction, purification, monosaccharide compositions

摘要:

以宁夏4个不同地区(灵武、中宁、青铜峡、银川)成熟期的灵武长枣果实为研究对象,经水提醇沉法提取,采用DEAE-cellulose52和HW-55S分离纯化,并利用GC-MS法进行多糖的单糖组成分析。结果表明:多糖提取率最高的是灵武地区,达到1.795%; 分离纯化后,4个地区的长枣多糖各得到1个中性(Ju-0)和3个酸性组分(Ju-1、Ju-2、Ju-3),其中Ju-2含量最高; GC-MS分析可知灵武长枣多糖含有阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、核糖、岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸10种单糖,不含果糖,以阿拉伯糖、核糖、半乳糖和2种糖醛酸为主,木糖含量最低。各地区多糖的单糖组成、含量各不相同,从各组分来看,四个地区多糖的Ju-0和Ju-1组分组成均以阿拉伯糖、核糖、半乳糖为主,四个地区多糖的组成差异主要在于Ju-2和Ju-3组分。从各地区单糖总量来看,灵武地区是阿拉伯糖含量最高,中宁、青铜峡、银川地区以葡萄糖醛酸含量为最高。

Abstract:

Fruits of Ziziphus jujube cv. Lingwuchangzao at mature stage from different areas in Ningxia(Lingwu, Yinchuan, Zhongning, Qingtongxia)were used as the experimental materials. The water extraction and alcohol precipitation method were adopted to obtain polysaccharide, which was subsequently purified by DEAE-52 cellulose column and HW-55S gel column. Finally gas chromatography-mass spectrography(GC-MS)was used to analyze the monosaccharide composition from purifed polysaccharides. The results showed that the crude polysaccharides from Lingwu had the highest yield, 1.795%. After purifed, all polysaccharides were fractioned respectively to one neutral fraction,Ju-0, and three acid fractions,Ju-1, Ju-2, Ju-3,and Ju-2 had the highest contents. This indicated that the main components of polysaccharides in Z. jujube cv. Lingwuchangzao were acid fractions. The results from GC-MS showed that Z. jujube cv. Lingwuchangzao were composed of arabinose, rhamnose, ribose, fucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid, but monosaccharide contents were different among different fractions. Arabinose, ribose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid were the main components, and the content of xylose was the lowest. Both Ju-0 and Ju-1 were mainly composed by arabinose, ribose, galactose, while Ju-2 and Ju-3 exist obvious differences between four areas. According to the comparision of the total contents of monosaccharides, the content of arabinose in polysaccharides from Lingwu reached the highest, accounting for 28.6% of the total contents of monosaccharides, but other areas only accounted for 13%-18.9%. Meanwhile, glucuronic acid reached 21%-26.5% in polysaccharides from other three areas, but it was only 2.6% in polysaccharides from Lingwu. This indicates that the key difference in monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from different areas lies in the content of arabinose and glucuronic acid. The advantages of polysaccharides in Z. jujube cv. Lingwuchangzao from Lingwu mainly are high content of arabinose and low content of glucuronic acid, which is likely to be one of key factors of the difference in fruit quality. This study will provide basis and scientific support for further of development and utlization of the fruits of Z. jujube cv. Lingwuchangzao.