高黎贡山中山湿性常绿阔叶林树种的分布格局及其地形影响因子

Distribution pattens of tree species and its influencing factors of topography in a mid-montane humid ever-green broad-leaved forest in Gaoligong Mountains

关键词:  分布格局, 地形因素, 空间尺度, 生长阶段, 中山湿性常绿阔叶林

Key words:  distribution patten,topographical factor, spatial scale, growth stage, mid-montane humid ever-green broad-leaved forest

摘要:

以云南省高黎贡山国家级自然保护区中山湿性常绿阔叶林为研究对象,以200 m × 200 m动态监测样地的地形数据和群落学调查数据为基础,采用扩散系数、方差分析及多重比较等方法分析了不同取样面积、生长阶段下树种分布格局的变化特征,探讨了地形因素对树种分布格局的影响。结果表明:群落中多数树种呈聚集分布,少数树种呈随机分布。多数树种的分布格局与取样面积无关,其中大部分在各取样面积下都呈聚集分布; 少数树种的分布格局受取样面积的影响,取样面积较小时多呈随机分布,取样面积较大时多呈聚集分布。群落中约有一半树种的分布格局与其生长阶段无关,其中大部分在各生长阶段都呈聚集分布。另有一半树种的分布格局受其生长阶段的影响,其中大部分在幼树阶段表现为聚集分布,在中树、大树阶段表现为随机分布。方差分析结果表明,地形异质性对多数树种的聚集分布有重要影响,其中树种在资源生态位上的分化是控制因素,而地形对水热资源的再分配是重要因素。

Abstract:

The change features for distribution pattern of tree species under different sampling areas and growth stages to explore the influence of topographic factors on the distribution pattern of tree species were analyzed. As the mid-montane humid ever-green broad-leaved forest in the Gaoligong Mountains National Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province was taken as the research object, such approaches as diffusion coefficient, variance analysis and multiple comparison were adopted, based on the topographic data and community survey data of 200 m × 200 m dynamic monitoring plots. The results showed that the majority trees in the community exhibited aggregated distributions and a few species were randomly distributed. The distribution pattern of most tree species had nothing to do with the sampling area, most of which exhibited aggregated distributions under each sampling area; the distribution pattern of a few tree species was affected by sampling area, and they were randomly distributed in small areas and exhibited aggregated distributions in large areas. The distribution pattern of about half of the trees in the community was independent of its growth stage, most of which exhibited aggregated distributions in all growth stages. On the other hand, the distribution pattern of the other half species was affected by the growth stage: most young trees exhibited aggregated distribution, and middle trees and large trees showed random distribution. The variance analysis demonstrates that terrain heterogeneity has an important effect on aggregated distribution of most tree species, and that the differentiation of tree species in resource niche is the controlling factor, while the terrain redistribution of hydrothermal resources is an important factor.