三明格氏栲保护区种子植物区系特点及其地理意义

Spermatophyte flora and its geography implication of Sanming Castanopsis kawakamii Nature Reserve

关键词:  格氏栲保护区, 种子植物, 植物地理区系, 福建三明, 中国

Key words:  Castanopsis kawakamii Nature Reserve, spermatophyte, floristic plant geography, Fujian Sanming, China

摘要:

通过对福建三明格氏栲保护区野外植物采集和资料查阅,编制该区域种子植物名录进行植物区系的分析,并与相邻地区比较。结果表明:保护区植物区系起源古老,中新世以来一直保持着其原有的物种组成,构成了完整种子植物进化系列。境内地形条件复杂,植物种类丰富,有149科603属1 303种。森林中多建群种优势科为樟科(Lauraceae)和壳斗科(Fagaceae)等,科属区系地理成分复杂,以热带分布型为主,泛热带分布科属占首位,同时兼容了大量温带成分; 通过与福建邻近地区比较,其与戴云山相似性最大,随纬度北移或南移,相似系数下降,与中国邻近地区比较,其与岭南山地区种相似性最大。这说明保护区种子植物区系不隶属于华东地区,而隶属于岭南山地区。在中国植物区系中,以格氏栲(Castanopsis kawakamii)为优势植物的保护区隶属于东亚植物区、中国—日本森林植物亚区属、岭南山地区、粤北亚地区,并通过其与相邻以苦槠(C. scleiophylla)为优势的浙南山地亚地区、以红锥(C. hystrix)为优势的南岭东段亚地区和两种植物都不占优势的闽北山地亚地区比较,讨论了各个亚地区科属种的分布状况及特有程度。

Abstract:

Spermatophyte flora characteristics, from Sanming Castanopsis kawakamii Nature Reserve in Fujian Province, were analyzed and the differences among four adjacent regions were compared based on the spermatophyte list which was formulated according to specimens collection and relevant literatures. The results showed that flora origin was relatively old and maintained the original species composition that had kept a complete evolutionary series of seed plants since the Miocene. Due to its complex terrain conditions and alternate climate influence of wind belt from east and west, the species composition is abundant and consists of 1 303 species belonging to 149 families and 602 genera; the constructive species belongs to the families of Lauraceae and Fagaceae, has more complex family and genus geographic components of tropical distribution type than that of temperate distribution, and pantropical distribution has the largest proportion; by comparing with adjacent areas, the similarity with Daiyun Mountain is the highest and decreased with the movement toward north or south. Flora characteristic analysis illustrates that the spermatophyte flora, in Sanming Castanopsis kawakamii Nature Reserve, belongs to the Lingnan area but not the East China. Plants flora, in this area, belong to the Eastern Asiatic region, Sino-Japan forest subregion, Lingnan region, and North Guangdong subregion. The distribution of family, genus, species and specific degrees are discussed among. South Zhejiang subregion controlled by C. scleiophylla, North Fujian subregion, North Guangdong region and East Nanling subregion controlled by C. hystrix, North Fujian subregion neither controlled by the two species.