附子化学成分和药理作用研究进展

Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata

关键词:  附子, 化学成分, C-19型二萜生物碱, 药理作用, 代谢组学

Key words:  A. lateralis Radix Praeparata, chemical constituents, C-19 diterpenoid alkaloids, pharmacological activities, metabonomics

摘要:

通过查阅国内外文献,对附子的化学成分及药理作用进行了综述。结果表明:附子中主要含有生物碱成分,经分离鉴定的有百余个,主要骨架类型为C-19型二萜生物碱; 其次为C-20型二萜生物碱,除生物碱以外,还含有黄酮、多糖、甾醇、有机酸等化学成分。附子的药理作用研究已久,主要有对心血管的作用、镇痛抗炎作用、免疫调节作用、抗肿瘤作用、抗衰老作用、降低胆固醇作用等。附子有“回阳救逆第一品药”之称,为广泛应用的有毒中药,目前临床观测附子毒副反应的项目及其标准既不系统,也不明确,还没有实用的指南对其进行安全性监控。对附子的化学成分和药理作用进行全面系统地整理,期待在转化研究的启发下,运用代谢组学等新技术为附子应用的安全性评价带来突破,使其能更好地服务于临床。

Abstract:

Researches on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata in recent years are reviewed, classified and analyzed. The main constituents of this traditional Chinese medicine were alkaloids, among which C-19 diterpenoid alkaloids were the leading compounds, followed by C-20 diterpenoid alkaloids, in addition to alkaloids, there were flavonoids, polysaccharides, sterols, organic acids, et al. Modern pharmacological researches demonstrated that these compounds or plant extracts showed cardiovascular, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, anti-tumor, anti-senility and cholesterol lowering effects. A. lateralis Radix Praeparata, the widely used toxic traditional Chinese medicine, the projects and standards of its clinical observation of toxic effects were neither systematic nor clear, and there was no practical guide to its safety monitoring. After reviewing A. lateralis Radix Praeparata, we hope that under the inspiration of the translation research, the use of new techniques like metabonomics analysis will bring a breakthrough in the safety evaluation of aconite application, so that it can serve the clinic better.