塔里木盆地西北缘核桃坚果生化成分多样性分析

Diversity analysis on biochemical components of walnut germplasms in northwest Tarim Basin

关键词:  新疆, 核桃, 实生种质资源, 生化成分多样性

Key words:  Xinjiang, walnut(Juglans regia), origin germplasms, biochemical diversity

摘要:

该研究收集新疆塔里木盆地西北缘44份核桃资源,其中树龄超过50 a的实生资源41份、主栽良种3个,并对其主要生化成分蛋白质、糖、脂肪、氨基酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸进行了多样性分析。结果表明:44份资源的生化成分变异幅度大,存在着丰富的多样性。各指标变异幅度由4.93%～30.93%,香农-维纳指数(H')变幅为1.38～2.02。17种氨基酸变异幅度由10.07%～35.71%,香农-维纳指数(H')变幅为1.85～2.20。主要生化成分主成分分析显示蛋白质、糖、脂肪三个主要成分的累计贡献率达81.67%。聚类分析表明,群组间生化成分存在显著差异,群组的聚类与地理分布有明显相关性,流域相同的资源的生化成分构成比例具有相似性。与主栽品种相比,实生资源在糖、蛋白质、脂肪等方面具有更高的变异幅度,因而具有一定的开发潜力。

Abstract:

Forty-four walnut resources were collected from the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, of which forty-one are 50 years old and three main varieties. The main biochemical components of protein, sugar, fat, amino acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmic acid, octadecoic acid were analyzed. The results showed that the biochemical composition of 44 resources varied greatly, and there were abundant diversities. The variation of sugar and other nine indexes ranged from 4.93% to 30.93%, Shannon-Wiener index(H')was 1.38-2.02. The variation range of seventeen amino acids ranged from 10.07% to 35.71%, Shannon-Wiener index(H')was 1.85-2.20. The principal component analysis on main biochemical components showed that the accumulative contribution rate of three main components of protein, sugar and fat was 81.67%. Cluster analysis showed that there were significant differences in the biochemical components among the groups, and the clustering of the groups was closely related to the geographical distribution, and the proportion of biochemical components in the same resources in the basin was similar. Compared with the main varieties, the real resources have higher variability in sugar, protein, fat and other aspects, and have certain potential for development.