药用植物灯盏花种子储存条件及萌发特性研究

Seed storage conditions and germination characteristics of medicinal plant Erigeron breviscapus

关键词:  灯盏花, 种子, 储存条件, 萌发特性, 萌发率, 短命种子

Key words:  Erigeron breviscapus, seed, storage conditions, germination characteristics, germination rate, short-lived seed

摘要:

该文以云南春季野外采收灯盏花种子为材料,研究了不同储存湿度、储存温度、储存时间及不同光照、温度、吸胀条件等对其萌发率的影响。结果表明:(1)降低储存湿度(15%RH)和储存温度(-20、4 ℃)有利于种子保存,种子寿命可延长2 a多,萌发率在80%以上; 高温(35、45 ℃)和高湿(60% RH)加快了种子衰老,不利于保存,种子为短命种子。(2)光照与否对种子萌发率无显著影响,为光中性种子,但光照有利于种子萌发后幼苗的形成。(3)25 ℃为该种子萌发的最适宜温度,萌发率可达84.37%。(4)生产上播种时,尽量避免低温(4 ℃)和高温(30、35 ℃),有利于提高出苗率。(5)该种子对吸胀冷害不敏感,为抗冷型种子。因此,在种子研究和药材生产上,成熟种子采收后应及时干燥并密封存于低温下,来年春季及早播种; 在育苗生产上,应提供适宜的光照条件,设置单独的恒温(25 ℃)育苗间,并避免低温季播种。通过研究灯盏花种子的适宜储存条件和萌发特性,为该珍稀药用物种的合理储存和高产栽培提供有效指导。

Abstract:

Seeds of Erigeron breviscapus collected from Yunnan in spring were used as the test materials, the effects of storage humidity, storage temperature, storage duration and illumination, temperature, imbibitional condition on seed germination rate were studied. The results were as follows:(1)Reducing the storage humidity(15%RH)and the storage temperature(-20, 4 ℃)of the seeds was beneficial to the seed preservation, which could prolong the seed life to more than two years, and the germination rate could reach more than 80%; High temperatures(35, 45 ℃)and high humidity(60% RH)accelerated the aging of seeds, which was not conducive to preservation, so the seeds were short-lived seed.(2)There was no significance of germination rate in either light or dark, so the seeds were light-neutral, but light was beneficial to the seedling formation after seed germination.(3)The optimum temperature for the seed germination was 25 ℃, and the germination rate was 84.37%.(4)The low temperature(4 ℃)and high temperatures(30, 35 ℃)must be avoided for seed germination in production, which was beneficial to increase the emergence rate.(5)The seeds were insensitive to imbibitional damage, so the seeds were cold-resistant. Therefore, in seed research and production of medicinal materials, mature seeds should be dried and sealed in low temperature immediately after harvest, and sown early in spring; In seedling production, suitable lighting condition is necessary, a separate constant temperature(25 ℃)culture room should be set, and cold season sowing should also be avoided. This paper studying the suitable storage conditions and germination characteristics for the seeds of E. breviscapus, will provide effective guidance for the reasonable storage of the rare medicinal species and high yield planting in future studies.