湘西地区亚麻酸资源植物调查与筛选

Investigation and screening of linolenic acid resource plants in Xiangxi region, China

关键词:  亚麻酸, 资源植物, 调查分析, 层次分析法, 综合评价, 湘西地区

Key words:  linolenic acid, resource plants, investigation and analysis, analytic hierarchy process, comprehensive evaluation, Xiangxi region

摘要:

为进一步了解湘西地区亚麻酸资源植物的分布特点以及植物中亚麻酸含量等级,综合评价筛选出适合湘西地区大力发展的亚麻酸资源植物,该文通过查阅文献、实地调查及测定种子油脂相关指标,对湘西地区亚麻酸资源植物进行系统调查,并利用AHP层次分析法,从植物生长特性、油脂特性、开发利用潜能三方面选出10项评价指标,对湘西地区亚麻酸资源植物进行综合评价筛选。结果表明:湘西地区共有亚麻酸资源植物64科128属171种,其中芸香科、大戟科、豆科、唇形科等8科是亚麻酸植物数量优势科,花椒属、南蛇藤属、猕猴桃属3属是亚麻酸植物数量优势属; 生活型中,木本植物有122种,草本植物有49种,木本植物占绝对优势; 中等及高含量(含油量及亚麻酸含量≥20%)亚麻酸植物有90种,占亚麻酸植物总数的52.63%,这一类群亚麻酸含量丰富,具有较大利用价值; 分布格局上,亚麻酸资源植物主要分布在湘西州中北部、海拔300～1 100 m的中低山地与丘陵地区,其中海拔700～800 m范围内最为丰富,高产富油种主要集中分布在湘西州中部地区。通过层次分析法综合评价筛选出美味猕猴桃、中华猕猴桃、香薷、藿香、刺壳花椒、杜仲、青葙、紫苏、路边青、回回苏、独行菜这11种植物为湘西地区Ⅰ级开发利用植物。

Abstract:

To recognize the distribution characteristics and the level of linolenic acid content of linolenic acid plants in Xiangxi region, and to comprehensively evaluat and screen out the plant rich in linolenic acid that suitable for the development of Xiangxi region, the linolenic acid plant in Xiangxi region was systematically investigated by consulting literature field investigation and determination of seed oil, based on 10 evaluation indicators of three aspects of plant species growth characteristics, oil characteristics, development and utilization potentials through checking literatures and field investigation. Comprehensive evaluation and screening of linolenic acid resource plants were carried out by using AHP in Xiangxi. The results showed that there were 171 species of 128 genera and 64 families belonging to linolenic acid resource plants in Xiangxi region. Among them, Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Labiatae, Rosaceae, Brassicaceae, Lauraceae, Celastraceae were the dominant families in quantity, Zanthoxylum, Celastrus,and Actinidia were the dominant genera in quantity. Among the life forms, there were 122 species of woody plants and 49 species of herbaceous plants, woody plants were dominant. There were 90 kinds of middle and high content linolenic acid plants, accounting for 52.63% of the total number of linolenic acid plants. This group of linolenic acid was rich in content and had great utilization value. The linolenic acid plants rich in Xiangxi region mainly distributed in the middle and low mountains and hills in the north-central part of Xiangxi region, with an altitude of 300 -1 100 m, and the most abundant were in the range of 700-800 m. Through analytic hierarchy process, 11 kinds of linolenic acid plants Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, A. chinensis, Elsholtzia ciliate, Agastache rugosa, Zanthoxylum echinocarpum, Eucommia ulmoides, Celosia argentea, Perilla frutescens, Geum aleppicum and Perilla frutescens var. crispa, Lepidium apetalum were selected as Level I plants for the development and utilization of Xiangxi region.