香雪兰花瓣的花色苷组成

Anthocyanin compositions in petals of Freesia hybrida

关键词:  小苍兰, 花色, 类黄酮, 花色苷, 液相色谱

Key words:  Freesia hybrida, flower color, flavonoids, anthocyanin, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

摘要:

为研究不同品种香雪兰的花色苷组成、含量及与花色表型之间的关系,阐明香雪兰花色形成机理,该研究以不同花色的香雪兰(Freesia hybrida)11个品种为材料,采用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡(RHSCC)和色差仪进行花色描述,利用特征颜色反应初步确定色素类型,通过pH示差法测定花瓣中总花色苷的含量,进而利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术分析各品种花瓣中花色苷种类和相对含量。结果表明:11个所选品种涵盖香雪兰四大色系,即白色系、黄色系、红色系、蓝紫色系; 所选品种都含有黄酮类化合物,不含或含有极低量的类胡萝卜素,除‘White River'‘Fragrant Sunburst'‘Gold River'‘Tweety'外,均含有花色苷; ‘Red Passion'花瓣中总花色苷含量最高,最低是‘Lovely Lavender',其含量仅为‘Red Passion'的24%; 在香雪兰花瓣中共检测出10个花色苷组分,分别为飞燕草-二葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-二葡萄糖苷、矮牵牛素-二葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、芍药素-二葡萄糖苷、锦葵素-二葡萄糖苷、矮牵牛素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、芍药素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、锦葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷; 红色系品种‘Red Passion'和‘上农红台阁'花瓣中主要成分为矢车菊素类化合物,蓝紫色系品种‘Pink Passion'‘Castor'‘上农淡雪青'和‘上农紫玫瑰'花瓣中主要成分为矮牵牛素类和锦葵素类化合物,‘Lovely Lavender'花瓣仅含飞燕草素类化合物。研究表明不同品种香雪兰花瓣颜色的呈现与花色苷种类有关,花瓣着色程度则与花瓣中花色苷总含量成正比。该研究结果为新品种培育、花色改良和育种工作提供理论依据。

Abstract:

In order to study the relationship between composition and contents of anthocyanin and flower color to clarify the formation mechanism of different colors of petals of Freesia hybrida. 11 cultivars of F. hybrida were used to analyze the anthocyanin compositions. The petal color was observed according to the royal horticultural society color card(RHSCC)and color meter, pigment type was determined by characteristic color reaction, total anthocyanins were measured by pH differential method, and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins. The results were as follows: The 11 selected cultivars covered four major colors of F. hybrida, those are white, yellow, red, and blue-purple. All selected cultivars contained flavonoids, which did not contain or contain very low amounts of carotenoids; meanwhile, all tested cultivars, except for ‘White River' and Fragrant Sunburst'‘Gold River'‘Tweety', contained anthocyanins in petals. Among seven anthocyanin-contained cultivars, the highest anthocyanin content in detected in petals of ‘Red Passion' and the lowest in ‘Lovely Lavender' which was only 24% of ‘Red Passion'. A total of ten anthocyanin components were detected in petals of 11 cultivars, including Delphinidin-diglucoside, Cyanidin-diglucoside, Petunidin-diglucoside, Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, Peonidin-diglucoside, Malvidin-diglucoside, Petunidin-3-O-glucoside, Peonidin-3-O-glucoside, Malvidin-3-O-glucoside. ‘Red Passion' and ‘Shangnong Hongtaige' mainly contained Cyanidin derived anthocyanins. ‘Pink Passion'‘Castor'‘Shangnong Danxueqing' and ‘Shangnong Purple Rose' mainly contained Delphinidin and Malvidin derived anthocyanins. ‘Lovely Lavender' only contained Delphinidin derived anthocyanins. The results indicates that the colors of petals of different F. hybrida cultivars were related to anthocyanin components. Meanwhile, the degree of petal coloration is proportional to the total content of anthocyanins in the petals. This study provides theoretical basis for the cultivation, color improvement and breeding of new cultivars.