山芝麻提取物对10种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性初探

Antifungal activity of extracts of Helicteres ngustifolia against ten plant pathogenic fungi

关键词:  山芝麻, 植物病原真菌, 抑菌活性, 气相与质谱联用技术, 邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯, 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

Key words:   Helicteres angustifolia, plant pathogenic fungi, antifungal activity, GC-MS, diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate

摘要:

该文采用菌丝生长速率法,研究了山芝麻根、茎和叶不同溶剂萃取物在1.5 mg·mL^-1浓度下对10种植物病原真菌菌丝生长的抑制活性,用孢子萌发法测试了山芝麻根石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相萃取物对香蕉炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发的抑制作用,用离体法测试了山芝麻根石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相萃取物对香蕉炭疽病的防治效果,并通过气相与质谱联用技术(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer,GC-MS)分析了山芝麻根石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相萃取物的主要成分,测试了其中8种主要化合物对香蕉炭疽病菌菌丝生长的抑制活性。结果表明:山芝麻各部分萃取相对10种植物病原真菌菌丝生长均具有不同程度的抑制作用。其中:在1.5 mg·mL^-1浓度下,山芝麻根石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相萃取物对香蕉炭疽病菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为87.00%和86.14%,其EC₅₀分别为0.062 mg·mL^-1和0.052 mg·mL^-1; 浓度在2、4、8 mg·mL^-1时,山芝麻根石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相萃取物对香蕉炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发相对抑制率均在70%以上; 在10 mg·mL^-1浓度下,山芝麻根石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相萃取物对香蕉炭疽病的防治效果分别为72.32%和59.77%。通过气相与质谱联用技术对山芝麻根石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相萃取物进行了分析,在山芝麻根石油醚相萃取物中共鉴定出36种主要化学成分,在山芝麻根乙酸乙酯相萃取物中共鉴定出17种主要化学成分。对选取的8种主要化合物,在100 μg·mL^-1浓度下,邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对香蕉炭疽病菌菌丝生长显现出较高的抑制活性,抑制率分别为65.12%和68.07%,EC₅₀分别为56.66 μg·mL^-1和37.04 μg·mL^-1。

Abstract:

The mycelial growth inhibition activities of different solvent extracts of root, stem and leaf of Helicteres angustifolia against 10 plant pathogenic fungi were studied by the mycelium growth rate method at 1.5 mg·mL^-1. The inhibitory effects of root petroleum ether and root ethyl acetate extracts of Helicteres angustifolia on the spore germination in Colletotrichum musa were determined by spore germination method. The control effects of the root petroleum ether and root ethyl acetate extracts of Helicteres angustifolia against Colletotrichum musae were determined by in vitro method. The main components of root petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of Helicteres angustifolia were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS), and the mycelial growth inhibition activities of eight main compounds against Colletotrichum musa were tested. The results were as follows: Extracts each plant of Helicteres angustifolia showed different degrees of mycelial growth inhibitory effects on 10 plant pathogenic fungi. The mycelial growth inhibition rates of the root petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of Helicteres angustifolia against Colletotrichum musae reached 87.00% and 86.14% at 1.5 mg·mL^-1, and the EC₅₀ values were 0.062 and 0.052 mg·mL^-1, respectively. The relative inhibitory rates of the root petroleum ether and root ethyl acetate extracts of Helicteres angustifolia on the spore germination against Colletotrichum musae were more than 70% at 2, 4 and 8 mg·mL^-1. At 10 mg·mL^-1, the control effects of the root petroleum ether and root ethyl acetate extracts of Helicteres angustifolia against Colletotrichum musae were 72.32% and 59.77%, respectively. The root petroleum ether and root ethyl acetate extracts of Helicteres angustifolia were analyzed by GC-MS. In total, 36 major chemical components were identified in the root petroleum ether extracts, 17 major chemical components were identified in the root ethyl acetate extracts. Among the selected eight major compounds, diisobutyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate showed higher mycelial growth inhibitory effects against Colletotrichum musae. The inhibition rates was 65.12% and 68.07% at 100 μg·mL^-1, respectively. The EC₅₀ values were 56.66 μg·mL^-1 and 37.04 μg·mL^-1, respectively.