亮毛蕨的配子体发育特征及其系统学意义

Gametophyte development of Acystopteris japonica and its systematic significance

关键词:  亮毛蕨  孢子萌发  配子体发育  系统学意义

Key words:  Acystopteris japonica  spore germination  gametophyte development  systemaitc significance

摘要:

采用原生境土培养方法对亮毛蕨(Acystopteris japonica)进行培养，并对其配子体发育过程进行了观察。结果表明：亮毛蕨植物的孢子二面体型，极面观为椭圆形，赤道面观肾形，单裂缝，无周壁，外壁具棒状纹饰，孢子萌发为书带蕨型(Vittaria type)，原叶体发育为铁线蕨型(Adiantum type)。丝状体4～7个细胞，片状体小楔状，仅3～5个细胞宽，成熟原叶体心形，裸露，初生假根具叶绿体，颈卵器较短；配子体发育较迅速，假根具分枝和膨大，精子器囊由3个壁细胞构成，颈卵器略弯曲。本研究首次观察到亮毛蕨的颈卵器壁细胞内含有球形颗粒，但其功能不详。亮毛蕨的配子体发育过程兼有原始和进化的特点。在适宜的光照和温度下，土壤培养亮毛蕨原叶体的成苗率达95%以上，移栽成活率达89%以上。

Abstract:

The gametophyte development of Acystopteris japonica was cultured in humus soil of wild pro hibitat and its gametophyte development was observed by microscope. The results showed that the spores are bilateral type，monolete，elliptical in polar view，kidney shape in equatorial view. Spores have not perispore and the baculate ornamentation was formed by the exine. The type of spore germination is of Vittaria type while that of gametophyte development is Adiantum type. Filamentous were 4-7 cells long，and the prothallial plates is somewhat spatulate with 3-5 cells wide . The mature prothallium was cordate and bare. Primary rhizoids have chloroplasts and archegonium are relatively shorter . The gametophyte development was very quickly，its rhizoids were usually bifurcated and enlarged. The antheridia consist of 3 cells and the archegonia always are somewhat curved. Globular bodies were firstly observed in the present study with yet unknown function. Under suitable light and temperature，the percentage of gametophyte to the sporophyte was up to 95%，and the survival ratio of transplantation was found to be over 89%.