甘蔗属不同种及优良甘蔗栽培品种的SSR标记遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity assessment of Saccharum species and elite cultivars from China using SSR Markers

关键词:  简单重复序列（SSR）  甘蔗属  指纹图谱  毛细管电泳  遗传多样性

Key words:  Simple sequence repeat(SSR)  Saccharum  fingerprinting  Capillary Electrophoresis  genetic diversity

摘要:

应用21对SSR引物与毛细管电泳技术，分析了52个甘蔗属品种的遗传多样性。共检测出327个SSR标记，平均每对引物检测15.6个。选择141个共显性标记构建SSR标记指纹图谱数据库，利用DNAMAN软件与UPGMA统计方法分析参试材料遗传多样性。DNAMAN软件同源分析显示，新台糖16号与台优1号之间的同源性最高（87%），品种之间最小的同源性为55%；利用UPGMA统计方法可把参试材料分成4个遗传相似性较高的类群。结果表明，SSR标记与毛细管技术的结合，可构建甘蔗种质资源SSR标记指纹图谱、分析甘蔗种质资源遗传多样性。聚类分析显示参试甘蔗材料的遗传基础相近，为了提高甘蔗选育种效率，应拓宽甘蔗选育种亲本的遗传基础，提高杂交栽培品种的抗虫、抗病等特性。

Abstract:

Genetic diversity amongst 52 sugarcane clones including Saccharum species and cultivars(used for breeding and commercial production since the beginning of 20th century)had been assessed using 21 Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR)markers and capillary electrophoresis(CE)technique. Use of 21 SSR primers resulted in amplification of 327 distinguishable SSR markers with an average of 15.6 bands per primer. A total of 141 distinctive SSR alleles were scored，which have been used for construction of fingerprinting database and assessment of the genetic diversity using DNAMAN analyzing software and UPGMA algorithm methods. The highest genetic homology was 87%，observed between ROC 16 and TY 1，the lowest genetic homology was 55%. The UPGMA algorithm with SSR markers showed four distinguishable clusters of genetically similar species and varietal clones. The results indicated that using SSR markers in combination with CE is an efficient tool for fingerprinting database construction and assessment of genetic diversity. Occurrence of most cultivated clones in just 4 clusters indicated the exploitation of similar genetic database for the breeding purposes. The breeding programs should be tailored to exploit the wide range of germplasm using Saccharum species to get good varieties especially for disease or insect pest resistance.