人工授粉对火龙果果实发育的影响

Effects of artificial pollination on fruit development of Pitaya （Hylocereus polyrhizus）

关键词:  火龙果  人工授粉  “肉质种柄 种子”单元  果实发育  单果重

Key words:  Pitaya  artificial pollination  ‘succulent seed stalk seed’structure  friut development  single fruit weight

摘要:

于开花期对红皮红肉类型火龙果进行人工授粉与自然授粉处理，并对不同发育阶段的子房或果实进行解剖观察，以研究人工授粉对果实发育的影响。结果表明：人工授粉可提高火龙果的平均单果重和商品果率，平均单果重与果实内种子数呈显著正相关关系；火龙果子房为多胚珠结构，子房内有若干“珠柄 胚珠”单元，胚珠在开花后发育成种子，珠柄则发育成肉质种柄，果实的主要食用部分是由若干个“肉质种柄 种子”单元构成；人工授粉处理使“珠柄 胚珠”单元发育成“肉质种柄 种子”单元的数量增加从而提高单果重。

Abstract:

To study effects of pollination on fruit development of Pitaya（Hylocereus undatus），artificial pollination and natural pollination were treated to flowers as well as ovary and fruit in different development phases were dissected and sliced for observation. Results suggested that artificial pollination treatment made average single fruit weight and marketable fruit percentage raised while average single fruit weight was positively correlated with seed quantity in the fruit. Ovary of Pitaya were comprised of numbers of‘Podosperm Ovule’structure inside. Ovules grew into seeds after flowering while podosperm into succulent seed stalk. Main edible part of fruit were comprised of numbers of‘succulent seed stalk seed’structure. Artificial pollination might increase the numbers of‘Podosperm Ovule’developing into‘succulent seed stalk seed’that gave help to fruit enlargement against natural pollination group.