中国喀喇昆仑山离瓣花类植物区系特征

Floristic characteristics of Archichlamydeae plant in Karakorum of China

关键词:  区系特征  离瓣花  中国喀喇昆仑山

Key words:  floristic characteristics  Archichlamydeae  Karakorum Mountain of China

摘要:

中国喀喇昆仑山地区离瓣花类植物有24科114属310种及11变种。分布种数大于60种的科有十字花科(66种)和豆科(63种)，20～39种的有3科，10～19种的有4科，这9个科占该地区离瓣花类植物总属数的78.95%和总种数的88.39%，在本植物区系中占较大优势。单种属与寡种属有103属，在属级水平占绝对优势，但多种属与寡种属共含245种，在种级水平优势明显。对其地理成分分析包括8个分布区类型和14个变型，其中，温带或含温带分布的有67属194种，占该区总属数、种数的66.34%和79.18%，区系温带性质明显，且与地中海、西亚、中亚交流相对较多，而与东亚交流很少，缺乏热带分布型及中国特有分布型。与邻近区域相比，本区系与中国帕米尔高原的关系最为密切，相似系数最高，科级、属级与种级水平上，分别达8214%、63.69%及33.86%；其次，在属级水平与阿富汗、东喜马拉雅及青藏高原相似性也分别达到1792%、15.36%、16.26%，但种级相似性系数较低，仅为1.76%～5.69%，有一定联系。

Abstract:

The floristic characteristics of Archichlamydeae were studied. The results revealed that more than 24 families，114 genera，310 species and 11 variaties of Archichlamydeae were recorded in Karakorum mountains of China. There were 2 families Leguminosae(66 species)and Brassicaceae(63 species)that were more than 60 species，and 3 families including 20-39 species，4 families including 10-19 species. The propotion of 9 families were 78.95% of total genera and 88.39% of total species in this area. The monotypic genera and oligotypic genera(103 species) accounted for dominant position in the floristic geographical elements of genera. But on the level of species，the little species genera and more species genera(245 species) accounted for dominant position in the floristic geographical elements of species. The analysis on the geographical elements of the 114 genera and 310 species of Archichlamydeae showed that there were 8 normal types and 14 aberrations of plant distribution in the area，most of which were temperate genera，including 67 genera and 194 species， 66.34% and 79.18% of total plant genera species in the area. This indicated the temperate zone property was the basic characteristic of the flora in the area without tropic distribution and the Chinese unique distribution. Meanwhile，most interflows between the flora in this area with that in the Mediterranean，Western Asian and Central Asian，and few ones with Eastern Asian flora had been found，but without tropic distribution and the Chinese unique distribution. Compared with the peripheral regions，the similarity coefficient of the Pamirs of China and Karakorum Mountain of China was the highest，respectively were 82.14% of total families，63.69% of total genera and 33.86% of total species. The similarity coefficient of the East Afghanistan，Himalayan and the Qinghai Tibeta to Karakorum Mountain of China respectively were 17.92%，15.36% and 16.26% of total genera. But on the level of species the similarity coefficient was lower，and respectively were 1.76% to 5.69% of total species.