桂味荔枝花器官的发生和发育过程研究

Floral organogenesis and development of Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv.Guiwei

关键词:  荔枝  花器官发生  花发育

Key words:  Litchi chinensis  floral organogenesis  floral development

摘要:

利用SV11立体显微镜和JSM 6360LV型扫描电镜观察‘桂味’荔枝花器官的发生和发育过程。结果表明：花序原基最先发生，然后形成数个大小不等的单花原基；4个萼片原基的发生不同步，其中一侧对位先发生；6～10枚雄蕊原基以轮状方式几乎同时发生；心皮原基最后发生，2～3枚（稀4枚）心皮原基同时出现，随后进行侧向生长，逐渐合拢形成子房。雌花中，花柱、柱头分化明显，雄蕊退化。雄花中，花丝细长，花药饱满，雌蕊退化或发育不完全。两性花中，雌雄蕊发育完全。花粉粒近球形，具3孔沟，表面为条纹状纹饰。

Abstract:

Floral organogenesis and development of Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv.Guiwei were studied under an SV11 stereomicroscope and JSM 6360LV scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the inflorescence primordium was initiated firstly，followed by the formation of several unequal flower primordia. Later，the four sepal primordia were formed asynchronously with the initiation of one of the para positions preceding the other one. Then，six to ten stamen primordia were initiated in whorls simultaneously. Finally，carpel primordia initiated:two or three(rarely four)carpel primordia appeared simultaneously and closed up gradually to form the ovary. In the female flowers，stigma and style were obviously differentiated and the stamens were degenerative. In the male flowers，the stamens grew normally but the ovary was degenerative. In hermaphrodite flowers，stamens and pistil fully developed. The pollen grains were spherical with three germinal furrows and sculptures are striate.