球腺肿足蕨的配子体发育特征及其系统学意义

Gametophyte development in Hypodematium glanduloso-pilosum and its systematic significance

关键词:  肿足蕨属  孢子萌发  配子体发育  系统学意义

Key words:  Hypodematium  spore germination  gametophyte development  systematic significance

摘要:

采用改良Knop's营养液液体和固体培养基,对球腺肿足蕨的孢子进行人工培养,利用光学显微镜观察其孢子的萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明:成熟的孢子深褐色,不透明,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为豆形,单裂缝,周壁具密集的波纹状褶皱。孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型,原叶体发育类型为三叉蕨型。孢子接种后7 d左右萌发,30 d左右形成为片状体,50 d左右发育为幼原叶体,幼原叶体不对称,但成熟原叶体心脏形对称。原叶体边缘及背腹面都具乳头状毛状体。75 d左右精子器出现,精子器近圆球形,由3个细胞构成。90 d左右颈卵器出现,成熟颈卵器颈部由4～5列细胞构成,3～5层细胞高。原叶体受精后1个月内可看到幼孢子体生成。最后讨论其系统学意义。

Abstract:

The spores of the Hypodematium glanduloso-pilosum were artificially cultured in Knop's liquid and solid culture media. Its spore germination and gametophyte development were observed by optical microscope. The results showed that mature spores were dark brown,opaque,elliptical in polar view and bean-shaped in equatorial view,single fracture and peripheral wall with dense corrugated folds. The type of spore germination was Vittaria-type while that of gametophyte development was Aspidium-type. The spores germinated about 7 days after sowing. The prothallial plates formed about 30 days after sowing. The young prothallium developed about 30 days after sowing,and they were not symmetry,but the mature prothallium was symmetrical cordate. Papillary trichomes spread on upper and lower surfaces and along the margin of the prothallium. The antheridia was visible 75 days after sowing,pellet shape,consisting of 3 cells. About 90 days after sowing,archegonia was available. The neck of mature archegonium was composed of 4-5 rows of cells and 3-5 layers of cells high. Sporophytes were present within one month after fertilization. The paper preliminary discussed its taxonomic significance.