模拟氮沉降对紫苏叶挥发油主要成分的影响

Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on main components of volatile oil in Perilla frutescens

关键词:  氮沉降, 紫苏, 紫苏醛, D-柠檬烯, α-蒎烯

Key words:  nitrogen deposition, Perilla frutescens, Perilla aldehyde, D-Limonene, α-Pinene

摘要:

我国为世界三大高氮沉降区之一,氮沉降严重影响了植物生长发育。该研究采用喷施硝酸铵(NH₄NO₃)模拟氮沉降,分析了不同浓度氮沉降作用下紫苏叶中紫苏醛、D-柠檬烯、α-蒎烯等3种挥发油成分的变化规律。结果表明:随喷施氮盐浓度不断提高,紫苏叶挥发油的3种主要成分含量均有显著下降趋势; 氮盐浓度升至0.044 mol·L^-1时,紫苏醛、D-柠檬烯、α-蒎烯的含量降至最低,之后趋于稳定; 氮盐浓度对3种挥发油成分含量的比例也有影响; 不同氮盐浓度处理下,3种挥发油成分的变异系数不同,紫苏醛的变异系数为0.692 9,D-柠檬烯的变异系数为0.460 1,而α-蒎烯的变异系数为0.271 6,即紫苏醛含量变化最大,α-蒎烯含量最为稳定。大气氮沉降浓度对紫苏叶挥发油主要成分含量有显著影响,随氮盐浓度不断提高,紫苏醛、D-柠檬烯、α-蒎烯等3种挥发油成分含量呈降低趋势,尤以紫苏醛含量的降低最为剧烈。氮沉降增加对紫苏叶有效成分含量有降低的作用。

Abstract:

Our country is one of the three nitrogen settlement areas in the world, and nitrogen deposition seriously affects the growth and development of plants. We analyzed the changing rule of the three kinds of volatile oil components, Perilla aldehyde, D-Limonene, α-Pinene in the leaves of Perilla frutescens, under different concentrations of nitrogen deposition, by spraying ammonium nitrate nitrogen deposition(NH₄O₃)simulation. The results showed that with the continuous improvement of salt spraying nitrogen, the main components of the volatile contents of the three kinds of Perilla frutescens oil were significantly downward; Salt concentration of nitrogen at 0.044 mol·L^-1, Perilla aldehyde, D-Limonene, the content of α-Pinene fell to the lowest, after stabilizing; Nitrogen salt concentration on the proportion of three kinds of volatile oil contents were also affected; Under different nitrogen salt concentrations processing, variation coefficients of three kinds of volatile oil compositions were different. Perilla aldehyde of variation coefficient was 0.692 9, D-Limonene variation coefficient was 0.460 1, and α-Pinene variation coefficient was 0.271 6. The Perilla aldehyde content displayed the biggest change, while the α-Pinene content was the most stable. In conclusion the concentrations of atmospheric nitrogen deposition had significant effects on the main volatile oil contents in P. frutescens leaves. With the increase of salt concentration in nitrogen, The volatile oil contents, Perilla aldehyde, D-Limonene, α-Pinene etc. showed a trend of reduce, especially in the lower levels of the most dramatic perillaldehyde. Increased nitrogen deposition would decrease the quality of P. frutescens.