绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒的精油成分分析

Chemical components of essential oils from Ocimum basilicum ‘Green', O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' and O. basilicum var. majus

关键词:  罗勒, 精油成分, GC-MS分析

Key words:  Ocimum basilicum, composition, GC-MS

摘要:

该研究采用固相微萃取法(SPEM)和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),分析绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油的化学成分。结果表明:从绿罗勒(Ocimum basilicum ‘Green')中鉴定出 40种化学成分; 从莴苣罗勒(O. basilicum ‘Lettuce')中鉴定出26个化学成分; 从大叶罗勒(O. basilicum var. majus)中鉴定出36个化学成分。绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油中共有的香味物质为芳樟醇、[1S-(1à,4à,7à)]-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-甘菊环烃]和榄香烯。从绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油检测到的主要成分中发现,绿罗勒和大叶罗勒同为芳樟醇,化学型同为芳樟醇型; 莴苣罗勒为桉树脑,化学型为桉树脑型。此外,还对绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油化学型的差异进行了分析,对罗勒精油的应用前景进行了展望。

Abstract:

Ocimum basilicum containing nearly 60 species widely distributes all over the world, and many of which are important horticultural plants. At present,there are quite a few researches attempt to survey diverse applications of these plants,but few researches focused on studying these three basil varieties(O. basilicum ‘Green',O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' and O. basilicum var. majus). In this study, the essential oils of O. basilicum ‘Green',O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' and O. basilicum var. majus were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves,which were extracted by solid-phase micro-extraction(SPME)method and gas chromatrography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to detect the composition of essential oil. The results showed that 40,26 and 36 kinds of fragrant elements were detected from O. basilicum ‘Green',O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' and O. basilicum var. majus, respectively. The basic fragrant components in O. basilicum ‘Green' and O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' and O. basilicum var. majus were 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-Octadien-3-ol and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-8-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-[1S-(1à,2α,4α)]-Azulene and Elemene. The basic fragrant components in O. basilicum ‘Green' and O. basilicum var. majus were 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-Octadien-3-ol,O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' was eucalyptol. The study would provide reference basis for development and utilization of germplasm resources of O. basilicum.