京族药用红树林民族植物学知识及现状

Knowledge and existing status of medicinal ethnobotany of mangrove among Jing People in Guangxi

关键词:  红树林药用植物, 红树林管理, 生态智慧, 海洋民族, 北部湾

Key words:  medicinal plants from mangrove, mangorve forest management, local ecological knowledge, ethical group living along coast, Beibu Gulf

摘要:

京族是我国唯一的海洋民族,在长期与红树林为伴的生存环境中,积累了丰富的利用红树林植物的民族植物学知识。然而,这些知识至今仍不为外界所知。为掌握京族药用红树林民族植物学知识和现状,该研究采用民族植物学和植物分类学方法,调查京族药用红树林知识中的红树林植物种类,记录其具体药用用途,并分析其生存现状及其中包含的可持续利用红树林植物资源经验。结果表明:共记录到京族药用红树林植物15种隶属于10科,具体药用用途共49种。其中,20种已有报道,29种未见报道; 通过京族对红树林药用知识认知程度和依赖程度的调查还表明,京族历史上依赖本民族草医的情形已经基本消失,对红树林医药的依赖性和需求性也在消失。最后,剖析了京族在药用红树林植物选择与采集中的可持续利用经验。该研究结果不仅补充和拓宽了红树林民间药物的利用知识,而且为红树植物资源的管理与可持续利用提供了新视角。

Abstract:

Jing people is the only national marine fisheries of China. Under the long-term situation surrounded by mangrove plant, they have accumulated a wealth of knowledge and experience on how to use mangrove plants. However, these knowledges and experiences are still being kept under wraps. The aim of this work was to investigate the mangrove medicinal plants from classical mangrove knowledge of Jing ethnic group in Beibu Gulf, South China. We conducted a series of surveys regarding medicinal species composition and their application, and experience for sustainability via ethnobotanical and taxonmical methods. The results showed that a total 15 plant species were recorded belonging to 10 families, these species could provide 49 medicinal services, among which 20 medicinal services had been previously documented, and 29 medical purposes still had not been reported from previous research. The investigation on the level of awareness and dependence on mangrove medicinal ethnobotany showed that the situation of Jing people's dependence on Jing medical practitioner and mangrove medicinal plants were disappearing. In addition, the ecological knowledge with respects to how to harvest mangrove medicinal plants was also analyzed. These findings from this work can broaden our knowledge regarding mangrove medicinal plants from minorities in remote districts, and present a new perspective for the management and sustainable in utilization of mangrove plant resources.