生物源蛋白激发子的研究进展

Research progress of biological protein elicitor

关键词:  生物源激发子, 种类, 功能, 信号传导, 作用机制, 研究进展

Key words:  biological elicitor, category, function, action mechanism, action mechanism, research progress

摘要:

生物源蛋白激发子是一类能诱导植物产生防卫反应的特殊化合物,主要来源于病原微生物、其他微生物及寄主植物或由寄主-病原物互作后产生。病原微生物或其他微生物产生的激发子包括真菌的β-葡聚糖、糖蛋白、脂类物质和其他细胞壁组分; 由寄主植物产生的激发子主要是细胞壁组分中的寡糖物质,如寡聚半乳糖醛酸和木聚糖片段; 寄主-病原物互作后产生的激发子主要是互作过程中酶对寄主和病原物细胞组分修饰后产生的。生物源蛋白激发子与寄主植物作用后,通过一系列信号传导,诱导寄主植物产生乙烯、植保素、水杨酸、茉莉酸、病程相关蛋白等,导致植物中多种防卫反应的发生,从而可以控制病害的发展和传播,在农业生产上能够起到减少病虫危害达到增产的目的。近年来,人们对激发子的研究非常广泛,生物源蛋白激发子在生物防治中的作用也日益受到学者们的重视。该文就生物源蛋白激发子的种类:Harpin蛋白、Nep1-like蛋白家族、RXLR蛋白家族、Elicitins及其各类型激发子的功能、信号传导和作用机制的研究进展情况和在农业中的应用进行了综述,并提出了生物源蛋白激发子将来在农业生产中对病害防治方面的展望。

Abstract:

Biological source elicitor mainly comes from pathogenic microorganisms, other microorganisms, and host plants or produced by the host-pathogen interaction. The elicitor produced by the pathogenic microorganisms or other microorganisms including the fungal of β-glucan, glycoprotein, lipid and other cell wall components. The elicitor produced by the host plants mainly oligosaccharide substance in the cell wall components, such as oligogalacturonide acid and xlylan fragment, and the elicitor produced by the interaction of host and pathogen mainly for the enzyme for the host, and pathogens in the process of cell components after modification. After through a series of signal transduction, host plant was induced to produce ethylene, plant protection, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and pathogenesis related protein, which led to a variety of defensive reaction in plants, so as to control the development and spread of the disease. It is helpful to reduce the diseases and insect pests in the production of plants to achieve the purpose of production. In the past few years, many people were in the elicitor research in a wide range. The function of biological source elicitor in the biological control also increasingly brought to the attention of scholars. Currently, they still insist on their own studies, and towards to the deeper field, a lot of new scientists joined in this field. In this paper, research progress and application in agriculture were reviewed between the category of elicitor on biological, such as Harpin protein, Nep1-like protein, RXLR protein, Elicitins and so on, all these elicitors are employed directly or indirectly describe in this review. This review also highlights the integration of signaling pathways into or by transcription factors, as well as the linkage of the above signal components in elicitor signaling network through protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Some perspectives on elicitor signal transduction are also presented. Cross talk between different functions is very common in different elicitors, which all act as a role of plant defense response. The mechanism of elicitors also mentioned in this review. And we have also proposed the use of biological protein elicitors for prevention and treatment of diseases in agricultural production in the future.