药用植物穿心莲离体培养技术及其应用研究进展

Research progress of in vitro culture technology and its application of medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata

关键词:  穿心莲, 组织培养, 细胞悬浮培养, 穿心莲内酯, 进展

Key words:  Andrographis paniculata, tissue culture, cell suspension culture, andrographolide, advances

摘要:

穿心莲为我国重要的南药之一,用于清热解毒、凉血消肿,其主要活性成分穿心莲内酯具有抗癌、抗HIV病毒、抗炎、保肝等功效。然而,穿心莲内酯人工合成难度较大,主要从人工栽培的植物原料中提取,栽培植物原料的质量因受土壤、气候、水肥管理等各种因素的影响而参差不齐,穿心莲生长周期长且占用土地资源。植物离体培养技术在种苗快繁及活性成分积累等方面都具有显著优势,是实现穿心莲活性成分快速、高效生产的重要途径之一。穿心莲组织离体再生技术体系日益完善,从外植体到完整植株的组织离体再生技术日渐成熟,已在种苗繁育、倍性育种等方面有了一定的应用。同时,在穿心莲愈伤组织培养、细胞悬浮培养、不定根培养、毛状根培养过程中,通过优化培养条件和使用适宜的诱导子可大幅增加培养物中穿心莲内酯等活性成分的积累。该文分别从穿心莲组织、细胞、不定根及毛状根培养等方面,全面系统地综述了近年来国内外关于穿心莲离体培养技术以及其生产穿心莲内酯的研究进展,以期促进穿心莲离体培养技术的发展与应用,为离体生产穿心莲内酯的研究提供参考。此外,还提出了未来在穿心莲离体培养技术及通过该技术生产穿心莲内酯的研究中需重点关注的3个方面:(1)熟化完善穿心莲组织离体再生技术体系,建立全面系统的评价体系;(2)优化培养条件和高效诱导子联用,进一步提高穿心莲内酯等重要活性成分产量;(3)开展通过细胞悬浮培养技术生产穿心莲内酯的生物反应器培养研究。

Abstract:

Andrographis paniculata is one of the most important “Southern Medicines” in China. It is used for clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and reducing swelling. Its main active ingredient andrographolide has functions in anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-inflammation and liver protection. Andrographolide is difficult to be synthesized artificially, mainly relying on extraction from cultivated plant materials. However, the quality of cultivated medicinal materials is affected by various factors such as soil, climate, water and fertilizer managements, and A. paniculata has a long growth cycle, occupying land resources. The technology of plant in vitro culture has significant advantages in rapid propagation of seedling and accumulation of active ingredients, which is one of the important ways to achieve production of active ingredients rapidly and efficiently in A. paniculata. The in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata is becoming increasingly perfect, and the in vitro regeneration technology from explants to complete plants is becoming more and more mature, and it has been applied in seedling propagation and ploidy breeding. At the same time, during callus culture, cell suspension culture, adventitious root culture and hairy root culture of A. paniculata, the accumulation of andrographolide and other active ingredients in the culture could be greatly increased by optimizing the culture conditions and using appropriate inducers. This paper comprehensively and systematically reviewed the research advances on the in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata and production of andrographolide from the aspects of tissue, cell, adventitious root, and hairy root cultures. This paper aimed to provide reference for promoting the development and application of in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata, as well as for the study of in vitro production of andrographolide. It also put forward three aspects that need be focused on in future research on in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata and the production of andrographolides by this technology:(1)To mature and improve the tissues in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata, and to establish a comprehensive and systematic evaluation system;(2)To further increase the yield of andrographolide and other important active ingredients by optimizing the culture conditions and its combination with efficient inducers;(3)To carry out researches in bioreactor culture of the production of andrographolide by cell suspension culture technology.