淫羊藿属植物形态分类性状评述

Comment on the morphological taxonomic characters of genus Epimedium

关键词:  淫羊藿属, 分类性状, 花部特征, 根茎性状, 花茎上叶的特征, 非腺毛, 株高

Key words:  Epimedium, taxonomic traits, flower characteristics, rhizome traits, characteristics of leaves on flowering stem, non-glandular hair, plant height

摘要:

淫羊藿属是分类学上研究的热点和难点,其类群发表和修订均较频繁。为更清晰掌握淫羊藿属的性状变异,该文在查阅该属研究成果和标本的基础上,结合课题组野外调查和分析,对该属重要性状进行系统梳理。花瓣式样是淫羊藿属分类的最重要依据,但并非绝对稳定,种内花瓣形态可能存在丰富变异。花瓣颜色、花药颜色,甚至花的大小至少在部分类群中不宜作为分类的主要依据。根茎性状在多数类群中不失为一个有用的分类性状,但不能一概而论,应基于广泛调查。多数类群的花茎上叶的类型及小叶存在不同程度的变异,在实际应用中存在一定困难。非腺毛特征十分复杂,不同样本存在不同程度差异,不宜作为物种鉴别的关键依据。淫羊藿属植物栽培后植株普遍更矮小,提示开展自然生境下的调查和形态观测对掌握物种形态特征非常必要。中国淫羊藿属类群仍处于活跃进化中,其形态变异复杂,物种鉴定和资源利用时应足够谨慎。

Abstract:

Epimedium(Berberidaceae)is a hot and difficult topic in taxonomy, and its taxa have been published and revised frequently. In order to more clearly understand the variation of Epimedium, this paper systematically sorted out the important characters of Epimedium on the basis of consulting the research results and specimens, combined with the field investigation and analysis of the research group. The petal pattern is the most important basis for the taxonomy of Epimedium, but it is not absolutely stable, and there may be abundant variations in petal morphology within the species. The colors of petals and anthers, and even the size of flowers should not be used as the main basis for classification at least in some taxa. The rhizome type(compact or long creeping)is a useful taxonomic character in most taxa, but it should be based on extensive investigations. There are abundant variations in most taxa on the number and arrangement of leaves on flowering stem, which is difficult to be applied in practice. The variation of non-glandular hair characteristics is very complex and various, so they should not be used as a key basis for species identification. The plants of genus Epimedium are generally shorter after cultivation, which suggests that it is necessary to conduct survey and morphological observation in natural habitats to understand the morphological characteristics of species. The genus Epimedium in China is still in active evolution, and its morphological variation is complicated. Therefore, cautions should be taken in species identification and resource utilization.