湘西地区祛风除湿药用植物的资源调查及可持续利用建议

Investigation and suggestions on sustainable utilization of medicinal plants to dispel wind and eliminate dampness in Xiangxi Region

关键词:  药用植物, 祛风除湿, 生物资源可持续利用, 传统知识, 民族植物学

Key words:  medicinal plants, dispel wind and eliminate dampness, sustainable utilization of biological resources, traditional knowledge, ethnobotany

摘要:

湘西地区祛风除湿的医药传统知识历史悠久,但相关药用植物的资源本底和传统知识现状还不够清楚。该文基于民族植物学调查方法,对湘西地区祛风除湿药用植物的组成、相关传统知识、定量评价、实际估价和在《湖南省中药材标准》(2009年版)收录情况等方面进行了系统梳理,并就该类资源的可持续利用提出了相关建议。结果表明:(1)湘西地区目前利用的祛风除湿药用植物共有48科65属71种,以毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)和五加科(Araliaceae)居多。(2)根、全株、茎(藤)为主要利用部位。(3)生活型主要是草本、藤本和灌木,乔木较少。(4)与药用植物相关的传统知识在代际传播方面存在不确定性。(5)寻骨风(Aristolochia mollissima)、威灵仙(Clematis chinensis)和广防风(Anisomeles indica)显示出最高的知识一致性水平,是本次调查中3种最常用的祛风除湿药用植物。(6)当地药用植物的本地价格受市场影响较小,总体维持在较为平稳的水平,且缺乏对药材消费需求的了解。(7)有25种祛风除湿药用植物在《湖南省中药材标准》(2009年版)收录的功能与主治为祛风除湿、关节痹痛、风湿等。随着现阶段我国资源立法的不断完善,建议对湘西地区祛风除湿药用植物相关传统知识加强保护,提高该类资源的生物多样性和可持续利用水平; 并充分利用多学科交叉知识和技术手段,加强区域内传统医药资源的发掘和创新,使湘西丰富的药用植物资源更好地为人类健康做出贡献。

Abstract:

The medicine traditional culture to dispel wind and eliminate dampness in Xiangxi Region has a long history. However, the resources of these medicinal plants and the existing situation of related traditional knowledge are not clear enough. In this study, the species composition, related traditional knowledge, quantitative evaluation, actual use evaluation and the collection of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard(2009 edition)of medicinal plants for dispelling wind and eliminating dampness were analyzed with ethnobotanical investigation methods. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 71 dispelling wind and eliminating dampness medicinal plant species from 65 genera and 48 families were documented in the ethnobotanical investigation. Most of them were Ranunculaceae and Araliaceae.(2)The roots, whole plants and stems(vines)of this medicinal plants were mainly part used.(3)Most of the documented species were herbs, followed by vines, shrubs, and few trees.(4)The intergenerational transmission of traditional medicinal knowledge and medicinal plants were under uncertainty threat.(5)The medical plant Aristolochia mollissima, Clematis chinensis and Anisomeles indica showed the highest fidelity level(FL)of knowledge consistency, and they were the most commonly used medicinal plants for dispelling wind and eliminating dampness in Xiangxi Region.(6)The local prices of medicinal plants are less affected by the market and maintained at a relatively stable level. The local people had few understanding of the consumption demand of medicinal materials.(7)There were 25 kinds of medicinal plants included in the Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials of Hunan Province(2009 Edition), and the functional descriptions such as dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, dispelling wind and removing blood stasis, activating blood circulation and collaterals. The study shows a rich diversity of medicinal plants and related traditional knowledge for dispelling wind and eliminating dampness in Xiangxi Region. With the continuous improvement of China's resources legislation at the present stage, we propose to strengthen the protection of the traditional knowledge so as to improve the biodiversity and sustainable utilization level of such resources, use of multi-disciplinary knowledge and technical means to strengthen the exploration and innovation of traditional medicine resources in the region, so that the rich medicinal plant resources can better contribute to human health in the future.