自交可育甜荞、金苦荞、米苦荞不同品系总黄酮、粗蛋白及其蛋白组分含量研究

Analysis of total flavonoids, crude protein and its components in different lines of self-fertile common buckwheat, golden tartary buckwheat and rice tartary buckwheat

关键词:  自交可育甜荞, 金苦荞, 米苦荞, 粗蛋白, 总黄酮, 果实性状

Key words:  self-fertile common buckwheat, golden tartary buckwheat, rice tartary buckwheat, crude protein, total flavonoids, fruit characters

摘要:

为探究荞麦新品种的营养保健价值,该文对自交可育甜荞、金苦荞、米苦荞共56个不同品系荞麦种子的粗蛋白、总黄酮、蛋白组分含量及其果实性状的变异进行了研究。结果表明:(1)甜荞、金苦荞、米苦荞种子中粗蛋白含量平均值分别为13.19%、15.44%、11.75%,总黄酮含量平均值分别为0.14%、2.50%、2.09%,清蛋白含量的平均值分别为5.22%、6.13%、4.56%,球蛋白含量的平均值分别为1.29%、1.15%、0.91%,醇溶蛋白含量的平均值分别为0.42%、0.58%、0.55%,谷蛋白含量的平均值分别为2.66%、3.36%、2.80%,三种荞麦的蛋白组分均符合清蛋白>谷蛋白>球蛋白>醇溶蛋白。(2)果实性状中,甜荞果实千粒重、果实面积、果实直径的变异系数最大,米苦荞果实周长、果实长宽比、果实长、果实宽和50 mL容重的变异系数最大。(3)相关分析表明甜荞种子粗蛋白含量与果实长宽比、果实长,金苦荞种子粗蛋白含量与果实周长、果实长,米苦荞种子粗蛋白含量与果实宽、总黄酮含量与果实面积、果实宽、果实直径、50 mL容重的相关性均达到了显著或极显著水平。(4)该研究筛选出甜荞(1808-166贵甜2号优系)、金苦荞(多苦74、多苦78)、米苦荞(1906-136黑米荞麦、43-2)等高蛋白含量或高黄酮含量的荞麦品系。该研究结果对荞麦优良品种的选育和荞麦新产品的开发具有一定指导意义。

Abstract:

In order to explore the nutritional and health value of buckwheat varieties, the variation of crude protein, total flavonoids, protein components and fruit characters of 56 different lines of buckwheat seeds were studied. The results were as follows:(1)Common buckwheat, rice tartary buckwheat and golden tartary buckwheat seeds had crude protein content average of 13.19%, 15.44% and 11.75%, respectively, total flavonoids average of 0.14%, 2.50%, and 2.09%, the average of albumin content of 5.22%, 6.13% and 4.56%, respectively, the average of globulin content of 1.29%, 1.15%, and 0.91%, respectively, the average of gliadin content of 0.42%, 0.58%, and 0.55%, respectively, and the average of glutenin content of 2.66%, 3.36%, and 2.80%, respectively. The protein component content orders of all types of buckwheat were in accordance with albumin > glutenin > globulin > gliadin.(2)Among the fruit traits, the variation coefficient of 1 000-fruit weight, fruit area and diameter of common buckwheat were the largest, and the variation coefficient of fruit perimeter, fruit length-width ratio, fruit length, fruit width and 50 mL volumetric weight of rice tartary buckwheat fruit were the largest.(3)Correlation analysis showed that there are significant or extremely significant correlations between crude protein content and length-width ratio and fruit length in common buckwheat, between crude protein content and fruit perimeter and fruit length in golden buckwheat, between crude protein content and fruit width, between total flavonoids content and fruit area, fruit width, fruit diameter and 50 mL volumetric weight in rice tartary buckwheat fruits.(4)Through the study, the buckwheat lines with high protein content or high flavonoid content, such as common buckwheat Guitian 1808-166, golden tartary buckwheat(Duoku74, Duoku78),black rice buckwheat(1906-136 and 43-2)were found. The results in this study have some guiding significance for the quality breeding of buckwheat and the development of new buckwheat products.