Page 86 - 《广西植物》2020年第9期
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9 期 黄华等: 箭叶淫羊藿与近缘种天平山淫羊藿花粉形态对比研究 1 3 0 1
of E. sagittatum var. glabratum T. S. Ying) and 7 populations of E. myrianthum were observed and compared by
scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the pollen of both taxa was subspheroidalꎬ with three ̄
hole groove. Pollen size of E. sagittatum and E. myrianthum was (18.21- 21.66) μm × (19.55- 23.63) μm and
(18.32-21.43) μm × (19.73-23.48) μmꎬ respectively. The ornamentation of exine was an important character of
pollen morphology. There were significant differences in ornamentation of exine among populationsꎬ which have been
divided into three categoriesꎬ namely reticulateꎬ article reticulate and granularꎬ and then divided into six subcategories
according to the type of mesh ridge and mesh density. Among themꎬ pollen morphology of E. sagittatum (including
E. sagittatum var. glabratum) contained all three categories and six subcategoriesꎬ and that of E. myrianthum
contained three categories and four subcategories. This means that the pollen morphological variation pattern of
E. myrianthumwas a subset of E. sagittatum. On the wholeꎬ the variation pattern of the ornamentation of exine showed
a trendꎬ from reticulate to article reticulateꎬ with the increase of latitude. And the main morphological characters of
pollen were closely related to the elevation. As far as the pollen morphology concernedꎬ the variation pattern of
E. myrianthum was within the variation range of E. sagittatumꎬ which was consistent with the variation patterns of other
morphological characters. Pollen morphological characters could not distinguish the two taxa effectivelyꎬ which failed to
provide strong support for E. myrianthum as an independent species. It is suggested that the pollen morphological
evidence is of relatively limited in clarifying the phylogenetic relationship among related taxa. Howeverꎬ further studies
are still needed to provide strong evidence for the definition of large branches of phylogenetic trees of this genus.
Key words: populationꎬ E. sagittatumꎬ E. myrianthumꎬ pollen morphologyꎬ morphological variation
淫羊藿为小檗科(Berberidaceae)多年生草本植 phyllum)、多花淫羊藿(E. multiflorum)、靖州淫羊藿
物ꎬ是我国传统且特有的重要药用植物ꎬ具有补肾 (E. jingzhouense)、剑河淫羊藿( E. myrianthum var.
阳、强 筋 骨 和 祛 风 湿 等 功 效 ( 国 家 药 典 委 员 会ꎬ jianaheense)处理为天平山淫羊藿(E. myrianthum)异
2015)ꎬ在改善心血管疾病、提高免疫力、防癌抗癌 名ꎬ贵州淫羊藿(E. sagittatum var. guizhouense) 作为
和抗抑郁等方面具有突出功效(Zhao et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ 箭 叶 淫 羊 藿 ( E. sagittatum) 异 名ꎬ 普 定 淫 羊 藿
Choi et al.ꎬ 2019)ꎮ 淫羊藿属(Epimedium L.) 全世 (E. pudingense ) 降 为 箭 叶 淫 羊 藿 光 叶 变 种
界约 68 种ꎬ我国共发表 58 种ꎬ经修订后为 46 种ꎬ约 (E. sagittatum var. glabratum)ꎬ箭叶淫羊藿复合体的
85%的类群特有分布于中国(Xu et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻ 徐艳 分类最终追溯到箭叶淫羊藿和天平山淫羊藿的关系ꎮ
琴等ꎬ2020)ꎮ 淫羊藿属是分类上十分特殊和复杂 箭叶淫羊藿是淫羊藿属分布范围较广的物种ꎬ
的属ꎬ超过一半的物种为国外研究者根据少量栽培 也是形态变异最大、药用历史最悠久的物种ꎬ其分
个体发表ꎬ1990 年—1999 年间ꎬ新种数量迅速增加ꎬ 类学问题对淫羊藿属系统发育重建以及分类学研
共发表 26 种且全部来自中国ꎮ 由于短时间内物种 究具有重要意义(Stearnꎬ 2002ꎻ 郭宝林和肖培根ꎬ
数量的迅速增加ꎬ缺乏足够形态调查ꎬ加之种间杂 2003ꎻ徐艳琴ꎬ2008ꎻ徐艳琴等ꎬ2013ꎬ2014b)ꎮ 此外ꎬ
交可育导致物种之间关系错综复杂ꎬ该属形成了大 箭叶淫羊藿在历版«中华人民共和国药典»(以下简
量复合种(species complex / species aggregate) (徐艳 称药典)均有收录(国家药典委员会ꎬ2015)ꎬ而天平
琴等ꎬ 2014a )ꎮ 其 中ꎬ 箭 叶 淫 羊 藿 复 合 体 ( E. 山淫羊藿为非药典种ꎬ明确二者之间的分类关系对
sagittatum species complex) 为淫羊藿属最复杂的关 物种的准确鉴定、药用资源利用、药材质量和药效
注点之一ꎬ至少有 10 个类群与箭叶淫羊藿(E. sagit ̄ 保障具有重要意义ꎮ 不同学者从植物形态、遗传多
tatum) 关 系 密 切 ( 徐 艳 琴 等ꎬ 2014a)ꎮ 徐 艳 琴 等 样性、叶背非腺毛性状、化学活性成分和化学型等
(2014b)对箭叶淫羊藿复合体的分类问题进行初步 不同角度对箭叶淫羊藿进行分类学研究ꎬ结果显示
梳理ꎬ将毡毛淫羊藿(E. coactum)、龙头虎毡毛淫羊 其种内居群和个体间均呈现出丰富的变异( 梁琼
藿(E. coactum var. longtouhum)、裂叶淫羊藿(E. lobo ̄ 等ꎬ2013ꎻ徐艳琴等ꎬ2013ꎻ许瑛等ꎬ2015aꎬb)ꎮ